Category: Instrumentation

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Programmable DC Power Supply: Principles, Usage, Brand,Troubleshooting, and Models Serviced

I. Principles of Programmable DC Power Supply

Programmable DC power supplies are advanced power equipment integrating control circuits, power conversion circuits, and switching regulator circuits. They feature high precision, strong stability, and high programmability. By utilizing digital control methods, these power supplies precisely regulate output voltage and current, making them widely applicable in scientific research, industrial production, and communication fields.

Core Components:

  • Power Module: Converts input AC to stable DC for load use, involving rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation.
  • Control System: Utilizes DSP and microcontrollers to receive user inputs or programming instructions, precisely adjusting the output parameters of the power module to ensure stable output voltage and current.

II. Usage of Programmable DC Power Supply

When using a programmable DC power supply, follow these steps:

  1. Connect Power: Properly connect the power supply to an AC power socket and ensure stable power lines.
  2. Set Parameters: Use the device’s control panel or software interface to set the required output voltage and current parameters, adjusting them to meet the experimental needs of the tested equipment.
  3. Connect Load: Use output cables to connect the power supply to the electronic device under test, ensuring a secure connection to avoid voltage drops.
  4. Start Power Supply: Press the start button to begin outputting voltage and current. Monitor and adjust output parameters as needed during operation.
  5. Experiment & Testing: Observe the reaction and performance of the tested device, adjusting the output voltage and current as necessary to ensure stable operation during the experiment.
  6. Turn Off Power: After the experiment or test, promptly turn off the power supply and disconnect it from the tested device.

III. Troubleshooting and Repair Methods for Programmable DC Power Supplies

Programmable DC power supplies may encounter various faults during use. Here are some common faults and their repair methods:

  • No Output Voltage:
    • Check if the power switch is on.
    • Ensure reliable connection between the input power and input terminals.
    • Check if the DC power supply is in overload protection mode.
  • Unstable Output Voltage:
    • Check and stabilize the input voltage within a reasonable range.
    • Consider paralleling TVS or Zener diodes at the input if there is interfering voltage.
    • Check for load overload or short circuit, and adjust or replace the corresponding external circuit.
  • Excessive Output Ripple Noise:
    • Adjust or optimize the power supply design as needed, such as increasing filter capacitors.
  • Sudden Power Shutdown:
    • Check if the display is on to confirm power supply operation.
    • Inspect the input circuit for sparking or load overload/short circuit, which may cause the input control switch to trip. If tripped, disconnect the load and wait 1-2 minutes before attempting to restart.
  • Fluctuating Output Voltage:
    • Check if the DC power supply is operating overloaded and remove excess load.
    • Ensure secure and reliable connections between input/output terminals and wires.
  • Inability to Increase No-Load Voltage or Adjust Output Voltage in Constant Current Mode:
    • Ensure the “current adjustment” is not set to zero and understand the concepts of “constant voltage” and “constant current” for proper adjustment.

IV. Models of Programmable DC Power Supplies Serviced by Longi Electromechanical

1. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent Technologies):

  • N8900 Series: N8920A (20 kW), N8937A (15 kW)
  • N6700 Series: N6705C (600W modular DC power supply), N6702C (400W modular DC power supply)
  • B2900A Series: B2912A precision power supply

2. Tektronix:

  • Keithley Series: 2260B-800-1 (800V, 1.44kW), 2230G-30-1 (3-channel programmable power supply)
  • PA1000 Series: PA1000 (single-channel power analyzer)

3. Rohde & Schwarz:

  • HMP Series: HMP4040 (4-channel programmable power supply), HMP2020 (2-channel programmable power supply)
  • NGA100 Series: NGA142 (2-channel, 200W), NGA102 (single-channel, 80W)

4. Chroma:

  • 62000D Series: 62012D-600-8 (600V, 8A, 1200W), 62006D-1000-6 (1000V, 6A, 600W)
  • 62000P Series: 62024P-40-120 (40V, 120A, 2400W), 62012P-600-8 (600V, 8A, 1200W)

5. TDK-Lambda:

  • GENESYS Series: GEN60-25 (60V, 25A), GEN150-10 (150V, 10A)
  • Z+ Series: Z+200-5 (200V, 5A), Z+400-3.3 (400V, 3.3A)

6. Sorensen (AMETEK Programmable Power):

  • SGX Series: SGX60-500 (60V, 500A), SGX150-300 (150V, 300A)
  • XG Series: XG 170-12.5 (170V, 12.5A), XG 60-40 (60V, 40A)

7. GW Instek:

  • PSW Series: PSW 80-13.5 (80V, 13.5A), PSW 160-7.2 (160V, 7.2A)
  • GPP Series: GPP-6030 (60V, 3A), GPP-4323 (32V, 3A)

8. Aim-TTi:

  • PLH Series: PLH250-P (250V, 1A), PLH120-P (120V, 1.5A)
  • QPX Series: QPX600DP (600V, 1.2A), QPX1200SP (60V, 50A)

9. BK Precision:

  • 9200 Series: 9201 (60V, 5A), 9205 (250V, 2A)
  • 8500 Series: 8512 (60V, 60A, 1200W), 8514 (500V, 15A, 3000W)

10. Rigol:

  • DP800 Series: DP832 (30V, 3A), DP831A (30V, 3A)
  • DP2000 Series: DP2116A (160V, 20A), DP2216A (160V, 20A)

11. EA Elektro-Automatik:

  • PSI 9000 Series: PSI 9200-120-30 (120V, 30A), PSI 9360-48-180 (48V, 180A)
  • ELR 9000 Series: ELR 9080-170-160 (80V, 160A), ELR 9210-30-75 (210V, 75A)

12. TDK-LAMBDA (Japan):

  • ZUP Series: Various models including ZUP6-33, ZUP10-20, etc.
  • GENESYS+™ Series
  • GEN Series: Various models including GEN80-65, GEN100-50, etc.
  • GH Series: GH40-38

13. ZEEMAN:

  • DLC Series: DLC6000, DLC5000

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the long-term maintenance of programmable DC power supplies (including Leman power supplies and other DC power supplies), with nearly 30 years of experience in repairs, enabling us to quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various types of used programmable DC power supplies (including Leman power supplies and other DC power supplies). Welcome to consult us.

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Gauss Meter (Magnetic Field Meter) Comprehensive Analysis: Principles, Brand,Usage, Common Faults, and Repair Methods

Gauss Meter (Magnetic Field Meter) Comprehensive Analysis: Principles, Usage, Common Faults, and Repair Methods

I. Overview of Gauss Meter

The Gauss Meter, also known as a magnetic field meter, is a precision instrument used to measure the intensity of magnetic fields. Based on the Hall effect or Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, it can measure the static or dynamic (AC) magnetic induction intensity of an object at a single point in space. Widely applied in magnetic material production, metrological testing, machinery manufacturing, and scientific research in universities, it is an indispensable tool in magnetic measurements.

II. Principles of Gauss Meter

  1. Hall Effect PrincipleThe Gauss Meter primarily measures magnetic field intensity through the Hall effect. When a current-carrying conductor (Hall element) is placed in a magnetic field, an electric potential difference (Hall voltage) is generated in the direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current. By measuring the Hall voltage and combining it with the known Hall coefficient, the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity can be calculated.
  2. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic InductionSome Gauss Meters also adopt Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction as the measurement principle. When a conductor coil is placed in a magnetic field, an induced electromotive force is generated within the coil, which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field and the number of coil turns. By measuring the induced electromotive force, the magnetic field intensity can also be determined.

III. Usage of Gauss Meter

  • Power On and Calibration: Press the POWER button to turn on the instrument and perform zero calibration as needed to ensure measurement accuracy.
  • Select Range: Choose the appropriate measurement range through buttons or menus to accommodate different magnetic field intensity ranges.
  • Measurement Operation: Place the Hall probe in the magnetic field to be measured, ensuring that the probe direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction for the most accurate results.
  • Read Data: The measurement instrument will display the current magnetic induction intensity value, typically in Gauss (Gs) or millitesla (mT).

IV. Common Faults and Repair Methods of Gauss Meter

  1. Common Faults
    • Power Issues: Incorrect power connection or unstable voltage may cause the instrument to malfunction.
    • Sensor Failure: As the core component, damage or aging of the Hall sensor can affect measurement accuracy.
    • Circuit Connection Problems: Loose or damaged connection lines between the probe and the main unit may result in poor signal transmission.
    • Calibration Deviation: Long-term use may lead to changes in instrument calibration, causing inaccurate measurement results.
  2. Repair Methods
    • Check Power: Ensure correct power connection and stable voltage. If necessary, replace the power adapter or battery.
    • Replace Sensor: If the sensor is damaged, contact the manufacturer or professional repair personnel for replacement.
    • Check Circuit Connections: Regularly inspect circuit connections for firmness and repair or replace any loose or damaged connections promptly.
    • Recalibrate: Periodically calibrate the instrument to ensure measurement accuracy. Refer to the instrument manual or contact a professional for guidance on the calibration process.

V. Brands and Specifications of Gauss Meters Repaired by Longi Electromechanical

  1. Lake Shore Cryotronics
    • Model 425 Gaussmeter: High-precision benchtop magnetic field meter
    • Model 455 Gaussmeter: High-performance digital magnetic field meter
    • Model 475 DSP Gaussmeter: High-precision digital signal processing magnetic field meter
    • Model 475-HP: High-field magnetic field meter
  2. AlphaLab Inc.
    • GM2 Gaussmeter: High-precision magnetic field meter
    • VGM Gaussmeter: Vector magnetic field meter
    • TriField® Meter: Multi-function magnetic field meter
  3. FW Bell (now Oersted Technology)
    • Model 5180: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • Model 5180F: Handheld Gaussmeter with filtering function
    • Model 6010: Benchtop Gaussmeter
    • Model 9900: Benchtop digital Gaussmeter
  4. Brockhaus Messtechnik
    • MPG 200 D: Digital magnetic field meter
    • FMG 20: High-precision magnetic field meter
  5. Hirst Magnetic Instruments
    • GM08: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • GM05: Handheld Gaussmeter with USB interface
    • GM04: Portable Gaussmeter
  6. Holmarc
    • GMS-07 Gaussmeter: High-precision magnetic field meter
    • GMS-06 Gaussmeter: Laboratory Gaussmeter
  7. SENIS AG
    • H3A Hall Probe: High-precision 3D magnetic field meter
    • MAGNETO M3D: 3D magnetic field measurement system
  8. Metrolab Technology
    • PT2026: High-precision magnetic field meter
    • THM1176: Handheld 3D magnetic field meter
    • THM1176-HF: High-frequency magnetic field meter
  9. Magnetic Instrumentation
    • Model 1080 Gaussmeter: High-precision digital Gaussmeter
    • Model 1100 Gaussmeter: High-precision handheld Gaussmeter
  10. Walker Scientific
    • MG-3D Gaussmeter: 3D magnetic field meter
    • MG-1 Gaussmeter: High-precision magnetic field meter
  11. Teslameter
    • Model FM302: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • Model FM203: High-precision digital Gaussmeter
  12. KANETEC
    • TM-701: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • TM-801: Digital Gaussmeter
  13. Goudsmit Magnetics
    • GM Gaussmeter: High-precision digital Gaussmeter
    • PM Gaussmeter: Portable Gaussmeter
  14. Oersted Technology (FW Bell)
    • FH 51: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • FH 55: High-precision handheld Gaussmeter
  15. Magneview
    • GV-MA: Handheld Gaussmeter
    • GV-DIGI: Digital Gaussmeter
  16. Hach Polymetron: 9610sc

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing Gauss Meters and can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, we buy and sell used Gauss Meters. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

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Liquid Phase Pump: Comprehensive Analysis of Principles, Brand,Usage, Common Faults, and Repair Methods

1. Introduction

The liquid phase pump, a device used to transport liquids from low-pressure to high-pressure areas, finds wide application in chemical analysis, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and more. Its operation principles are rooted in fluid mechanics, utilizing mechanical motion or pressure waves to induce liquid flow and propel it from low to high-pressure zones. Common types, such as centrifugal and positive displacement pumps, are renowned for their stability and durability.

2. Working Principles

The core principle of liquid phase pumps involves applying pressure to liquids through mechanical components (e.g., plungers, pistons, or impellers) to generate flow. Taking positive displacement pumps as an example, they utilize the reciprocating motion of a plunger within a pump cylinder, coupled with sealing rings, to achieve liquid intake and discharge. As the plunger retracts, pressure in the cylinder drops, allowing liquid intake; as it advances, pressure rises, expelling the liquid.

3. Usage Methods

Installation & Preparation:

  • Place the pump on a stable platform, ensuring all connecting pipes are correctly installed and well-sealed.
  • Check that solvent bottles are filled with the required liquid and positioned above or higher than the pump to aid gravity-assisted feeding.

Pre-Start Check:

  • Inspect power connections for stability and the pump for air bubbles or impurities.
  • Pre-flush the system with an appropriate solvent to remove potential contaminants.

Operation Control:

  • Set pump parameters such as flow rate and pressure according to experimental needs.
  • Observe pump operation after starting, ensuring no abnormal noises or leaks.

Routine Maintenance:

  • Regularly replace solvents and inspect/clean critical components like filters and check valves to prevent blockage and wear.

4. Common Faults & Repair Methods

  • Pump Head Air Bubbles:
    • Phenomenon: Unstable system pressure, fluctuating flow rate.
    • Solution: Use an ultrasonic cleaner to degas the mobile phase; open the drain valve and use the PURGE function or a syringe to eliminate bubbles.
  • Check Valve Fault:
    • Phenomenon: Unstable pressure, poor liquid delivery.
    • Solution: Clean the check valve online or with an ultrasonic cleaner. Replace it if the ball is severely worn.
  • Inlet Filter Blockage:
    • Phenomenon: Poor liquid intake, increased pressure.
    • Solution: Remove the inlet filter from the delivery tube, clean it with isopropanol and ultrasonics, or replace it.
  • Plunger Seal Leakage:
    • Phenomenon: Liquid flows out from the rear of the pump head, increasing the cleaning solution bottle level.
    • Solution: Inspect and replace worn plunger seals to ensure proper sealing.
  • Pipeline Filter Blockage:
    • Phenomenon: Increased delivery pressure, decreased flow rate.
    • Solution: Disconnect the pump outlet pipeline, inspect, clean, or replace the filter screen.
  • Column Blockage or Contamination:
    • Phenomenon: Continuously increased delivery pressure, abnormal chromatographic peak shape.
    • Solution: Clean or replace the column according to its manual.
  • Detector Cell Blockage:
    • Phenomenon: Abnormal detection signals, high baseline noise.
    • Solution: Disconnect the detector cell outlet, clean it internally with isopropanol, and disassemble for cleaning if necessary.

5. Summary

As a crucial device in chemical analysis and other fields, the liquid phase pump’s stability and precise control are vital for experimental results. Proper usage and maintenance can effectively prevent common faults and extend pump lifespan. Regular inspections, timely cleaning, and replacement of worn parts ensure optimal pump performance. For different faults, corresponding repair measures should be taken to ensure smooth experimental processes.

6. Brands and Models Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  • Bosch Rexroth
    • A10VSO, A4VSO, A2F, A10VO, A11VO Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: VT-VRPA1-5-1X, VT-MSPA1-1-1X, VT-VSPA2-1-1X
  • Parker Hannifin
    • PV Plus, PVP, PVQ, PAVC, F12 Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: IQAN Series, P1/PD Series, Compax3
  • Eaton
    • Vickers V Series (V10, V20, V80) Vane Pumps, PVM, TA1919, 420 Series Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: Hydro-Line, AxisPro Series, X20
  • Kawasaki
    • K3V/K5V Series (K3V63DT, K3V140DT, K5V200DT), NV Series (NV84, NV111, NV137) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: K3VLS Control, KAWASAKI KMX
  • Danfoss
    • Series 45 (45L028, 45L038, 45L045), H1 Series (H1P042, H1P053, H1P068) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: PLUS+1®, DP Series, PVG32, EPC Series, VPC Series
  • Yuken
    • A Series (A16-FR01, A37-FR01, A70-FR01), PVR Series (PVR1T, PVR2T, PVR3T) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: EPC Series, VPC Series
  • Linde Hydraulics
    • HPR Series (HPR-02, HPR-05), DPVG Series (DPVG-140, DPVG-210) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: LINC, ESC
  • Sauer-Danfoss
    • Series 90 (90L042, 90L055, 90L075), L/K Series (L042, K042) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: PLUS+1®, MC Series, DP Series
  • HAWE Hydraulik
    • V30D, V60N Axial Piston Pumps, MPC Variable Piston Pump
    • Controllers: ESX Series, CAN-IO
  • Nachi
    • PVS Series (PVS-0B, PVS-1B, PVS-2B), PZ Series (PZS-3B, PZS-4B) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: NACHI MCE, NACHI NC
  • Bucher Hydraulics
    • QX Series (QX21, QX31, QX42), AP Series (AP212, AP315) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: DPS, NFA Series
  • Moog
    • RKP Series (RKP032, RKP045, RKP063) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: Moog EPU, Moog Axis Control
  • Casappa
    • FVP Series (FVP10, FVP20, FVP30), PLP Series (PLP10, PLP20, PLP30) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: EPC Series, MC Series
  • Denison Hydraulics (Parker)
    • T6 Series (T6C, T6D, T6E) Vane Pumps, Gold Cup Series (P14, P24, P30) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: Gold Cup Controller, Parker IQAN Series
  • Rexroth (Bosch Rexroth)
    • A11VO Series (A11VO40, A11VO60, A11VO75) Axial Piston Pumps
    • Controllers: VT-VRPA1-5-1X, VT-MSPA1-1-1X, VT-VSPA2-1-1X

7. Conclusion

Longi Electromechanical Company, with nearly 30 years of experience, specializes in liquid phase pump repairs, ensuring swift restoration of various instruments. We also buy and sell used liquid phase pumps. For inquiries, please contact us.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM): Principles,Usage,Brand,Troubleshooting, and Maintenance Guide

1. Principles

The Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) operates on the principle of three-point positioning within a three-dimensional coordinate system. Equipped with a detector capable of moving in three directions along mutually perpendicular guides, it captures coordinate information of points on the surface of the object being measured, either through contact or non-contact methods. By scanning the object’s surface, the detector records the three-dimensional coordinates of various points. These coordinates are then processed by a computer to fit measurement elements such as points, lines, planes, and circles, and to calculate the geometric dimensions, shape, and positional errors of the object.

2. Usage

Preparation:

  • Ensure the CMM is level and free from surrounding interferences.
  • Select appropriate detectors and fixtures; prepare the part to be measured.

Installation and Calibration:

  • Install the part on the CMM and secure it with fixtures, aligning it with the machine’s coordinate axes.
  • Perform probe calibration, selecting suitable probes and styli, and calibrate to achieve the required measurement accuracy.

Establishing Coordinates:

  • Based on the part’s shape and size, establish a workpiece coordinate system. If a workpiece model is available, establish a model coordinate system and fit the two.

Measurement:

  • Choose appropriate measurement methods (e.g., point, line, circle, surface measurements) according to the part’s characteristics.
  • Conduct precise measurements and export the data for analysis, assessing the part’s accuracy and deviations.

3. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  • Large Measurement Errors:
    • Causes: Low surface roughness of the workpiece, contaminated measuring head, unstable measurement environment (temperature, humidity fluctuations).
    • Solutions: Improve surface roughness, clean the measuring head, maintain a stable measurement environment.
  • Unable to Start:
    • Causes: Power supply issues, equipment failure.
    • Solutions: Check power connections and replace if necessary; contact the manufacturer for repairs if equipment failure.
  • Slow Operation:
    • Causes: Equipment aging, software issues.
    • Solutions: Replace with new equipment or update/reinstall software.
  • Inaccurate Measurements:
    • Causes: Improper adjustment of the measuring head, equipment failure.
    • Solutions: Readjust the measuring head for accuracy; contact a repair service if equipment failure.
  • Loss of Coordinate Zero Point:
    • Causes: Computer software issues.
    • Solutions: Reload backup software and restart the machine.
  • Abnormal Coordinate Axis Movement:
    • Causes: Insufficient air bearing pressure, blocked air holes, loose or slipping transmission components.
    • Solutions: Check the air supply system for proper pressure, clean air bearing holes, tighten and adjust transmission components.
  • Probe Automatic Changer Malfunction:
    • Causes: Related power or control component failures.
    • Solutions: Inspect and repair related power or control components.

4. Brands and Models Repaired by Longi Electromechanical

  • Hexagon Metrology:
    • Leitz Reference HP: High-precision CMM.
    • Global S: Universal CMM.
    • Optiv Performance: Multi-sensor CMM.
    • DEA Alpha 2.0: Large bridge-type CMM.
    • TIGO SF: Compact workshop CMM.
  • Zeiss:
    • PRISMO: High-precision CMM.
    • CONTURA: Universal CMM.
    • ACCURA: Configurable CMM.
    • MICURA: Small high-precision CMM.
    • DuraMax: Compact workshop CMM.
  • Mitutoyo:
    • CRYSTA-Apex S: High-precision CMM.
    • CRYSTA-Apex V: Universal CMM.
    • Legex 574: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • Strato-Apex 574: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • Quick Vision: Multi-sensor measurement system.
  • Nikon Metrology:
    • Altera: Universal CMM.
    • Innova: High-precision CMM.
    • H ALTERA: High-precision bridge-type CMM.
    • LK V: High-performance bridge-type CMM.
    • NEXIV VMZ-R: Video measurement system.
  • Wenzel:
    • LH Series: LH 65, LH 87, LH 1210.
    • XCite: Economical CMM.
    • XO: High-performance CMM.
    • SF 87: High-speed scanning CMM.
  • FARO:
    • FARO Edge: Portable CMM arm.
    • FARO Gage: Compact measuring arm.
    • FARO Quantum: High-precision measuring arm.
    • FARO Vantage: Laser tracker.
  • Brown & Sharpe (Hexagon):
    • GLOBAL Silver: High-performance CMM.
    • ONE: Universal CMM.
    • MICRO-HITE: High-precision measuring instrument.
  • Aberlink:
    • Axiom Too: High-precision CMM.
    • Zenith 3: High-performance CMM.
    • Extol: Economical CMM.
  • Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology:
    • XENOS: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • MMZ G: Large CMM.
    • ACURA: Multi-functional CMM.
  • LK Metrology:
    • Altera M: Universal CMM.
    • Altera S: High-performance CMM.
    • C10: Large bridge-type CMM.
  • Hikrobot:
    • HS Series: HS5030, HS5040, HS5050, HS5060, HS5070.
    • HT Series: HT5030, HT5040, HT5050, HT5060, HT5070.
    • HL Series: HL5030, HL5040, HL5050, HL5060, HL5070.
    • HME Series: High-precision CMM, HME5030, HME5040, HME5050.

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing CMMs, ensuring quick and efficient repairs. Additionally, we offer the sale and purchase of various used CMMs. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

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Comprehensive Guide to Gas Analyzers: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, Repair, and Brands Serviced

I. Introduction

Gas analyzers, including online gas analyzers and flue gas analyzers, are process instruments used to measure gas compositions. They find wide applications in industries, environmental protection, and safety monitoring. Leveraging gas sensors, these analyzers detect gas types and concentrations with high sensitivity and precision, ensuring safe usage. Common types of gas analyzers include thermal conductivity, electrochemical, and infrared absorption analyzers, each operating on distinct principles.

II. Working Principles

  1. Thermal Conductivity Gas Analyzer:
    • Utilizes differences in thermal conductivity among gases to measure concentration.
    • Semiconductor metal oxide sensing elements adsorb the gas, altering electrical and thermal conductivity.
    • An unbalanced voltage is output through a bridge circuit to detect gas concentration.
  2. Electrochemical Gas Analyzer:
    • Measures gas composition based on ion quantity or current changes resulting from chemical reactions.
    • Types include constant potential electrolysis and galvanic cell.
    • The former applies a specific potential to electrolyze the gas at the electrode surface; the latter measures the electrolytic current of gas diffusing through a membrane into the electrolyte.
  3. Infrared Absorption Analyzer:
    • Measures gas concentration using gas molecules’ absorption characteristics of specific infrared wavelengths.
    • Compares light flux differences between a measurement chamber and a reference chamber, with alternating light path openings via a shutter, to determine gas concentration.

III. Usage

  1. Device Preparation:
    • Ensure correct power connection and startup; check components for normal operation.
  2. Sample Collection:
    • Collect a gas sample under safe conditions, avoiding contamination.
  3. Sample Injection & Analysis:
    • Open the sample inlet, inject the gas sample, select appropriate measurement modes and parameter settings, and initiate the test.
  4. Result Recording:
    • Upon analysis completion, the instrument automatically displays results; record, print, or save as needed.

IV. Common Faults & Repair Methods

  1. Display Stuck:
    • Causes: Poor connector contact, measurement bridge open or short circuit.
    • Repair: Check and address poor contact; replace connectors if necessary; repair bridge issues.
  2. Heating Indicator Not Lit:
    • Causes: Heating plate open circuit, damaged heating indicator, open platinum resistor, or loose wiring.
    • Repair: Inspect the heating plate and its connections; replace damaged parts; tighten wiring screws.
  3. Unstable Display:
    • Causes: Unstable bridge current, abnormal power voltage, or poor wiring contact.
    • Repair: Stabilize power voltage, replace damaged components; address poor contact.
  4. Digital Display Not Showing:
    • Causes: Faulty power switch, blown fuse, or microcomputer system failure.
    • Repair: Replace the power switch or fuse; tighten wiring screws; for microcomputer issues, send for factory repair.
  5. Low Concentration Not Detected:
    • Causes: Pump inoperable, filter clogged, zero point not calibrated, or gas concentration below minimum detection limit.
    • Repair: Check pump and filter status; perform zero calibration; confirm gas concentration.
  6. Large Value Fluctuations:
    • Causes: Presence of measured gas, significant temperature/humidity variations, or sensor impact.
    • Repair: Confirm site conditions; perform zero or target point calibration; if impacted, check stability after power-on aging.

V. Maintenance

  • Regular inspections: Ensure proper gas flow, replace filter paper, check for gas system leaks, clean sampling probes and measurement chambers.
  • Calibration: Regularly calibrate with standard gases to ensure accuracy.
  • Operator Training: Ensure proficiency in correct usage, emphasize safe operations, and prevent toxic or combustible gas leaks.

VI. Brands & Models Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. ABB:
    • EL3020: Laser Spectrum Gas Analyzer
    • EasyLine EL3000: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • AO2000 Series: AO2020, AO2040
    • EL3060: Gas Analyzer
    • EL6010: Gas Analyzer
    • LGR-ICOS: Laser Gas Analyzer
  2. Siemens:
    • ULTRAMAT 23: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • FIDAMAT 6: Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector
    • ULTRAMAT/OXYMAT 6: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • SITRANS SL: Laser Gas Analyzer
  3. Emerson (Rosemount):
    • Rosemount CT5400: Laser Gas Analyzer
    • Rosemount 700XA: Natural Gas Analyzer
    • Rosemount 951C: Oxygen Analyzer
  4. HORIBA:
    • PG-300: Portable Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • VA-5000 Series: VA-5000, VA-5000M
    • AP-370 Series: AP-370, AP-370M
  5. Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • i-Series: 48i (CO Analyzer), 42i (NOx Analyzer), 43i (SO2 Analyzer), 450i (CO2 Analyzer)
    • T-Series: T100 (SO2 Analyzer), T200 (NOx Analyzer), T300 (CO Analyzer)
  6. Yokogawa:
    • TDLS8000: Laser Gas Analyzer
    • Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer ZR22G/ZR802G
    • GC8000: Gas Chromatograph
  7. Sick:
    • GMS800: Gas Analyzer
    • MAIHAK SIDOR: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • FIDOR: Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector
  8. Servomex:
    • SERVOPRO Chroma: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • SERVOPRO 4900: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • SERVOTOUGH Oxy: Oxygen Analyzer
  9. Teledyne Analytical Instruments:
    • Series 2000: 2000A (Oxygen Analyzer), 2000B (Carbon Dioxide Analyzer)
    • Series 3000: 3000TB (Oxygen Analyzer), 3000ZA (Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer)
  10. Nova Analytical Systems:
    • Nova 337 Series: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
    • Nova 380 Series: Portable Gas Analyzer
    • Nova 410 Series: Oxygen Analyzer
  11. Linde Gas and Gases Division:
    • LASER ONE: Laser Gas Analyzer
    • GAS ALARM: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
  12. Fuji Electric:
    • ZKJ Series: ZKJ-B (Oxygen Analyzer), ZKJ-D (Oxygen Analyzer)
    • ZRE Series: Multi-component Gas Analyzer
  13. MKS Instruments:
    • FTIR Series: MultiGas 2030
    • Granville-Phillips Series: Series 835 (Oxygen Analyzer), Series 937 (Carbon Dioxide Analyzer)
  14. California Analytical Instruments:
    • 600 Series: 600 HFID (Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector), 600 NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer)
    • 700 Series: 700 NDIR, 700 HFID
  15. AMETEK:
    • Process Instruments: Model 5000, Model 5100, Model 5200, Model 930, Model 920, Model 950, WDG-V, WDG-IV
    • MOCON (Baseline): Baseline 9100, Baseline 9200, Baseline 8800, Series 9000, Series 8900
    • Process Instruments (Thermox): Thermox WDG-IV Series, Thermox CEM/O2, Thermox CG1100
    • Power Instruments: Model 212, Model 221, Model 241CE
    • Land: Lancom 4, FGA Series, Carbon Monoxide Monitor
    • Orbisphere (Hach): Orbisphere 3650, Orbisphere 6110, Orbisphere 3100

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of gas analyzers, with nearly 30 years of experience. We swiftly repair various instruments and also buy and sell used analyzers. Contact us for more information.

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 Comprehensive Guide to Fluorescence Analyzer: Usage, Faults, and Repair Methods

I. Overview and Basic Principles of Fluorescence Analyzer

A fluorescence analyzer is a precision instrument that utilizes the fluorescence phenomenon of substances under specific excitation conditions to analyze sample composition and properties. When chemical substances in a sample are irradiated by light of a specific wavelength, they absorb energy, transition to a high-energy state, and subsequently return to the ground state while releasing photons, producing fluorescence. By measuring the intensity and characteristic spectrum of fluorescence, the fluorescence analyzer can precisely analyze the composition and structure of the sample.

II. Usage Method of Fluorescence Analyzer

Startup Preparation:

  • Ensure that external equipment such as air compressors, water chillers, and gas supply systems are operating normally.
  • Turn on the fluorescence analyzer host and computer, and run the analysis software.

Sample Preparation:

  • Prepare samples according to experimental requirements, ensuring sample purity and compatibility with reagents.
  • Place the sample in an appropriate container for testing.

Instrument Calibration:

  • Perform zero-point calibration to ensure accurate measurements.
  • Adjust instrument parameters as needed, such as excitation wavelength and emission wavelength.

Sample Testing:

  • Place the sample in the sample chamber of the fluorescence analyzer.
  • Initiate the testing program and wait for the instrument to complete the measurement of the fluorescence spectrum.
  • Record and analyze the fluorescence spectrum data to draw conclusions about the sample’s composition and properties.

Shutdown and Cleaning:

  • After testing, turn off the fluorescence analyzer host and computer.
  • Clean the sample chamber and the exterior of the instrument to ensure it is in good condition.

III. Types of Faults and Repair Methods for Fluorescence Analyzer

Unstable Fluorescence Intensity:

  • Causes: Aging of the lamp filament, dirty electrodes, environmental temperature fluctuations.
  • Repair Methods: Replace the lamp filament, clean the electrodes, stabilize the environmental temperature.

Decreased Sensitivity:

  • Causes: Expired reagents, incompatibility between sample and reagent, contamination of the optical path system.
  • Repair Methods: Replace with fresh reagents, test using the same type of sample, clean the optical path system.

Instrument Failure to Turn On:

  • Causes: Power supply failure, connection issues between the computer and host, software system errors.
  • Repair Methods: Check the power supply, reconnect the computer and host, restart the software system or contact the manufacturer for repairs.

Low Water Flow or Water Circuit Blockage:

  • Causes: Water filter blockage or impurities in the water circuit system.
  • Repair Methods: Clean or replace the water filter, inspect and clear impurities in the water circuit system.

IV. Repair Precautions

  • Before performing any repair operations, be sure to turn off the instrument’s power supply to ensure safety.
  • Use professional tools for disassembly and installation to avoid damaging instrument components.
  • Follow the manufacturer’s repair manuals and guides to ensure correct repair procedures.
  • For complex faults or issues that cannot be resolved independently, promptly contact professional repair personnel from Rongji Electromechanical Company.

V. Conclusion

As a high-precision analytical instrument, the fluorescence analyzer plays a crucial role in scientific research and production fields. Through this introduction, we have gained an understanding of the basic principles, usage methods, common fault types, and repair methods of the fluorescence analyzer. We hope that this information will help you better use and maintain the fluorescence analyzer, thereby improving research and production efficiency.

VI. Brands and Models of Fluorescence Analyzers Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Fluoroskan FL: Microplate Fluorometer
    • NanoDrop 3300: Micro-Volume Fluorospectrometer
    • Lumina Fluorescence Spectrometer: General Fluorescence Spectrometer
  2. Agilent Technologies
    • Cary Eclipse: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Agilent 4300 Handheld FTIR: Handheld Fluorescence Analyzer
  3. PerkinElmer
    • LS 55: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • EnVision: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • Victor Nivo: Multimode Microplate Reader
  4. Horiba Scientific
    • FluoroMax-4: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroMax Plus: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Aqualog: Water Quality Analysis Fluorescence Spectrometer
  5. Shimadzu
    • RF-6000: High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • RF-5301PC: Fluorescence Spectrometer
  6. Edinburgh Instruments
    • FLS1000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FS5: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Mini-tau: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  7. Hitachi
    • F-7000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-7100: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-2700: Compact Fluorescence Spectrometer
  8. Zeiss
    • LSM 880: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Axio Imager: Fluorescence Microscope
  9. Bruker
    • FOCUS-G: Portable Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • CRYO-G: Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope
  10. Tecan
    • Spark: Multimode Microplate Reader with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Infinite 200 PRO: Multimode Microplate Reader
  11. BioTek (Agilent)
    • Cytation 5: Multimode Microplate Reader and Imaging System
    • Synergy H1: Multimode Microplate Reader
  12. Molecular Devices
    • SpectraMax i3x: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • FlexStation 3: Fluorescence Analysis System
  13. Photon Technology International (PTI)
    • QuantaMaster 8000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • TimeMaster: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  14. Jobin Yvon (Horiba)
    • FluoroLog: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroCube: Fluorescence Lifetime System

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing fluorescence analyzers (fluorospectrometers, atomic fluorescence spectrometers) and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used fluorescence analyzers. Please feel free to consult us.

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Comprehensive Guide to Fluorescence Analyzer: Operating Procedures, Faults, and Repair Methods

I. Overview and Basic Principles of Fluorescence Analyzer

The fluorescence analyzer is a precise instrument that utilizes the fluorescence phenomenon of substances under specific excitation conditions to analyze sample composition and properties. When chemicals in a sample are irradiated by light of a specific wavelength, they absorb energy, transition to a higher energy state, and subsequently return to the ground state while releasing photons, producing fluorescence. By measuring the intensity and characteristic spectrum of fluorescence, the fluorescence analyzer can accurately analyze the composition and structure of the sample.

II. Operating Procedures for Fluorescence Analyzer

Startup Preparation:

  • Ensure the normal operation of external equipment such as air compressor, water cooler, and gas supply system.
  • Turn on the fluorescence analyzer host and computer, and run the analysis software.

Sample Preparation:

  • Prepare samples according to experimental requirements, ensuring sample purity and compatibility with reagents.
  • Place the sample in an appropriate container for testing.

Instrument Calibration:

  • Perform zero-point calibration to ensure accurate measurements.
  • Adjust instrument parameters as needed, such as excitation wavelength and emission wavelength.

Sample Testing:

  • Place the sample in the sample chamber of the fluorescence analyzer.
  • Initiate the testing program and wait for the instrument to complete the measurement of the fluorescence spectrum.
  • Record and analyze the fluorescence spectrum data to draw conclusions about the sample’s composition and properties.

Shutdown and Cleaning:

  • After testing, turn off the fluorescence analyzer host and computer.
  • Clean the sample chamber and the exterior of the instrument to maintain its good condition.

III. Types of Faults and Repair Methods for Fluorescence Analyzer

Unstable Fluorescence Intensity:

  • Causes: Aging of lamp filament, dirty electrodes, fluctuations in ambient temperature.
  • Repair Methods: Replace the lamp filament, clean the electrodes, stabilize the ambient temperature.

Decreased Sensitivity:

  • Causes: Expired reagents, incompatibility between sample and reagent, contamination of the optical path system.
  • Repair Methods: Replace with fresh reagents, test using the same type of sample, clean the optical path system.

Instrument Failure to Turn On:

  • Causes: Power supply failure, connection issues between computer and host, software system errors.
  • Repair Methods: Check the power supply, reconnect the computer and host, restart the software system or contact the manufacturer for repair.

Low Water Flow or Water Circuit Blockage:

  • Causes: Blocked water filter or impurities in the water circuit system.
  • Repair Methods: Clean or replace the water filter, inspect and clear impurities in the water circuit system.

IV. Repair Precautions

  • Before performing any repair operations, be sure to turn off the instrument’s power supply to ensure safety.
  • Use professional tools for disassembly and installation to avoid damaging instrument components.
  • Follow the repair manuals and guides provided by the manufacturer to ensure correct repair procedures.
  • For complex faults or issues that cannot be resolved independently, promptly contact professional repair personnel from Rongji Electromechanical Company.

V. Conclusion

As a high-precision analytical instrument, the fluorescence analyzer plays a crucial role in scientific research and production fields. Through this introduction, we have gained an understanding of the basic principles, usage methods, common fault types, and repair methods of the fluorescence analyzer. We hope that this information will help you better use and maintain the fluorescence analyzer, thereby improving research and production efficiency.

VI. Brands and Models of Fluorescence Analyzers Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Fluoroskan FL: Microplate Fluorometer
    • NanoDrop 3300: Micro-Volume Fluorometer
    • Lumina Fluorescence Spectrometer: General Fluorescence Spectrometer
  2. Agilent Technologies
    • Cary Eclipse: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Agilent 4300 Handheld FTIR: Handheld Fluorescence Analyzer
  3. PerkinElmer
    • LS 55: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • EnVision: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • Victor Nivo: Multimode Microplate Reader
  4. Horiba Scientific
    • FluoroMax-4: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroMax Plus: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Aqualog: Water Quality Analysis Fluorescence Spectrometer
  5. Shimadzu
    • RF-6000: High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • RF-5301PC: Fluorescence Spectrometer
  6. Edinburgh Instruments
    • FLS1000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FS5: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Mini-tau: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  7. Hitachi
    • F-7000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-7100: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-2700: Compact Fluorescence Spectrometer
  8. Zeiss
    • LSM 880: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Axio Imager: Fluorescence Microscope
  9. Bruker
    • FOCUS-G: Portable Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • CRYO-G: Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope
  10. Tecan
    • Spark: Multimode Microplate Reader with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Infinite 200 PRO: Multimode Microplate Reader
  11. BioTek (Agilent)
    • Cytation 5: Multimode Microplate Reader and Imaging System
    • Synergy H1: Multimode Microplate Reader
  12. Molecular Devices
    • SpectraMax i3x: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • FlexStation 3: Fluorescence Analysis System
  13. Photon Technology International (PTI)
    • QuantaMaster 8000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • TimeMaster: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  14. Jobin Yvon (Horiba)
    • FluoroLog: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroCube: Fluorescence Lifetime System

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing fluorescence analyzers (fluorescence spectrometers, atomic fluorescence spectrometers) and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used fluorescence analyzers. Welcome to consult.

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Principle, Brand,Usage, and Fault Maintenance Analysis of Balance Instrument

I. Principle of Balance Instrument

The balance instrument is a precision tool used to measure and assess the balance state of objects, finding wide applications in automobile inspection, machinery manufacturing, medical equipment, electronic product design, and more. Its working principle is based on fundamental physics concepts related to force and motion, evaluating and adjusting the balance of objects by detecting their gravity and motion state around the center of gravity.

  1. Static Balance Measurement:
    • Utilizes the principle of balance between the gravity acting on an object and the spring force (or other forces).
    • Typically consists of a suspension system and an indication system.
    • When an object is placed on the suspension system, gravity causes a downward force, which is counteracted by the spring force until equilibrium is reached.
    • The data displayed by the indication system represents the object’s mass or imbalance.
  2. Dynamic Balance Measurement:
    • Involves sensors (such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.) to monitor the object’s center of gravity position and motion trajectory in real-time.
    • Captures changes in gravity when the object tilts or rotates.
    • Calculates the object’s balance state through a processor and presents it to the user via a display.

II. Usage of Balance Instrument

The usage of a balance instrument varies depending on the specific model and application scenario but generally includes the following steps:

  • Preparation: Ensure the balance instrument and its accessories are intact and correctly installed and connected according to the instructions.
  • Calibration: Calibrate the balance instrument before formal testing to ensure measurement accuracy.
  • Placement of the Test Object: Place the test object in the designated position on the balance instrument and ensure it is stable.
  • Initiation of Testing: Start the testing program according to the balance instrument’s operation guide and observe and record the data on the indication system or display.
  • Adjustment and Re-testing: Adjust the test object based on the test results (e.g., adding balancing weights) and re-test until the balance requirements are met.

III. Faults and Maintenance of Balance Instrument

The balance instrument may encounter various faults during use, mainly including electronic component failures, mechanical failures, and software issues. Here are some common faults and their maintenance methods:

  • Electronic Component Failures: Check if relevant electronic components are intact and replace them if necessary. Also, check for loose or damaged connection wires and ensure reliable circuit connections.
  • Mechanical Failures: Inspect relevant mechanical parts for severe wear or damage and replace or repair them as needed. Keep the balance instrument clean and lubricated to reduce mechanical wear.
  • Software Issues: Attempt to restart the balance instrument or update the software version to resolve the issue. If the problem persists, contact the manufacturer or professional maintenance personnel for diagnosis and repair.

IV. Models of Balance Instruments Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Schenck
    • Pasio Series: Pasio 5, Pasio 15, Pasio 50
    • Virio Series: Virio 5, Virio 15, Virio 50
    • HM Series: HM 20, HM 60
  2. Hofmann
    • Typ UHK 11.1, Typ UHK 12.1, Typ UHK 13.1, Typ UHK 14.1
    • Horizontal Balancing Machines: HL1, HL2
    • Vertical Balancing Machines: V1, V2
  3. CEMB
    • N Series: N500, N2000, N3000
    • C Series: C100, C200, C300
    • Z Series: Z500, Z1000, Z2000
  4. Balance Systems
    • BVK4 Series: BVK4-20, BVK4-50
    • BVX4 Series: BVX4-20, BVX4-50
    • VM Series: VM20, VM50
  5. IRD Balancing
    • IRD Model 246, IRD Model 290, IRD Model 246 Portable
  6. Schmitt Industries
    • SBS AEMS, SBS SB-5500, SBS SB-4500, SBS SB-1000
  7. Hofmann Prüf- und Messtechnik
    • PMB Series: PMB 500, PMB 1000, PMB 2000
    • PMS Series: PMS 300, PMS 600
  8. Haimer
    • Tool Dynamic Series: Tool Dynamic TD 2002, Tool Dynamic TD Comfort, Tool Dynamic TD Economic Plus
  9. CWT Industries
    • CWT 40B, CWT 100B, CWT 200B
  10. JP Balancing Machines
    • JPH-10, JPH-20, JPV-10, JPV-20
  11. Marposs
    • Dittel Series: DS6000, DS7000 (Spindle Analyzers); DBS10, DBS20 (Balancing Systems)
    • Microset Series: Microset DMS, Microset DMS II
    • Artis Series: Artis CTM, Artis GENIOR MODULAR
    • GEM Series
  12. SIGMA (Japan)
    • CB-7705: High-speed dynamic balance detector for grinding wheel balancers.
    • CB-7702: Portable dynamic balance detector.
    • SB-8002: Portable and high-precision field dynamic balancer.
    • CB-8802R/8805RB Series: Powerful field dynamic balance detectors suitable for various complex working conditions.
    • SB-8802R-2: Designed for CNC machining centers, with high-precision spindle balance correction and prediction functions.
    • SSV-5100 Series: Vertical balance testing machines for vertical equipment.
    • 6000 Series: Horizontal balance machines, including SSB-6001A, SSB-6005A, etc., for horizontal equipment.
  13. PRUFTECHNIK (Germany)
    • VIBXPERT Series

Longi Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing balance instruments and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used balance instruments. Welcome to consult.

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 Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, Repair, and Brands Overvie

I. Principles of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer

The dual-frequency laser interferometer, an advanced measurement instrument based on heterodyne interference principles, evolves from the single-frequency laser interferometer. It utilizes two laser beams of different frequencies for interference measurement, achieving high-precision measurement of various physical quantities such as displacement, length, and angle. This instrument finds wide application in precision machining, metrological inspection, and scientific research, serving as a crucial tool for enhancing equipment accuracy and detection efficiency.

Working Principles:

  • Based on the Zeeman splitting effect and frequency pulling effect.
  • A magnetic field of approximately 0.03 Tesla is applied to a He-Ne laser, generating left- and right-handed circularly polarized light with two different frequencies (f1 and f2).
  • After processing through a series of optical elements, these beams are split into reference and measurement beams.
  • When the movable mirror shifts, the frequency of the measurement beam changes (f2 ± Δf) due to the Doppler effect, while the reference beam’s frequency remains constant.
  • The two beams interfere on a photodetector, producing an electrical signal containing the frequency difference Δf. By counting the changes in frequency difference, the displacement of the movable mirror can be calculated.

Key Components:

  • Laser Source: Employs a laser, such as a He-Ne laser or semiconductor laser, to generate two laser beams with different frequencies.
  • Optical Beam Splitting: The laser beam is divided into two beams by a beam splitter, one serving as the reference beam and the other as the measurement beam.
  • Optical Path Design: The reference beam follows a fixed path, while the measurement beam traverses a variable path. The two beams recombine in the interferometer, producing interference fringes.
  • Interference Fringes: The movement of interference fringes reflects changes in the length of the measurement path. Precise calculations of the displacement or length changes of the measured object can be derived by analyzing these fringes.
  • Signal Processing: The interference fringe signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector and processed to obtain measurement results.

II. Usage Instructions

  1. System Connection: Connect the laptop, laser interferometer, environmental compensation unit, printer, etc., via communication cables and power them on.
  2. Laser Warm-up: Turn on the laser interferometer and allow it to warm up for about 15-20 minutes. Proceed with measurements once the laser is stable (indicator light turns green).
  3. Software Initialization: Start the measurement software on the laptop and enter the corresponding measurement subroutine.
  4. Optical Mirror Installation: Secure the laser interferometer, reflectors, beam splitters, and other optical components on the measurement tripod and machine tool in appropriate positions, and adjust for alignment.
  5. Target Value Setting: Set target values according to measurement requirements and program the CNC measurement procedure.
  6. Data Collection: Initiate the data collection program for automatic or manual data acquisition and monitor the measurement data.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  1. Laser Fault:
    • Symptom: Laser does not emit light or has insufficient intensity.
    • Repair: Check the laser power supply and connection cables, ensuring proper power supply. Replace the laser if necessary.
  2. Optical Path Deviation:
    • Symptom: Interference fringes are unclear or disappear.
    • Repair: Adjust the positions of the beam splitter and reflector to ensure parallel optical paths and accurate beam convergence points.
  3. Photodetector Fault:
    • Symptom: Signal is unstable or there is no signal output.
    • Repair: Check the detector’s power supply and connection cables, clean the detector surface to ensure normal operation.
  4. Environmental Interference:
    • Symptom: Measurement results are highly variable or inaccurate.
    • Repair: Isolate the instrument from environmental vibrations and temperature changes, ensuring a stable working environment.
  5. Signal Processor Fault:
    • Symptom: Data collection is unstable or analysis results are erroneous.
    • Repair: Check signal processor connections and software settings, reinstall or update software if necessary.

IV. Precautions and Maintenance

  • Environmental Requirements: Place the instrument in a dry, clean, and vibration-free environment, avoiding the impact of moisture and dust on optical components.
  • Handling and Storage: Hold the base when moving the instrument to prevent guide rail deformation; store optical components in a clean and dry container when not in use.
  • Cleaning and Lubrication: Avoid wiping mirrors and beam splitters unless necessary, using scientific methods for cleaning; regularly lubricate moving parts to maintain good working condition.
  • Usage Norms: Avoid forced rotation, hard pulling, and other improper operations; apply appropriate force to each adjustment component.

V. Brands and Models of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometers Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Renishaw
    • XL-80: High-precision laser interferometer system
    • HS20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for large-range position measurement
  2. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent Technologies)
    • 5519A/B: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision positioning and measurement
    • 5530: Laser interferometer system supporting various measurement applications
  3. Zygo Corporation
    • ZMI 4000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position and speed measurement (ZMI 4500, ZMI 4100)
    • ZMI 2000 Series: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer (ZMI 2400, ZMI 2002)
  4. SIOS Messtechnik
    • SP 2000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer system for precise length and angle measurement (SP 2000, SP 2000 TR)
    • SP 5000 Series: High-resolution dual-frequency laser interferometer (SP 5000 NG, SP 5000 TR)
  5. Hamar Laser Instruments
    • L-730 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for machine calibration and alignment (L-730, L-740)
    • L-750 Series: High-precision dual-frequency laser interferometer (L-750)
  6. API (Automated Precision Inc.)
    • XD Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (XD6, XD8)
  7. Renishaw/Anorad (Collaborative Brand)
    • RLE Series: High-performance laser interferometer (RLE10, RLE20)
  8. Mahr Metrology
    • MarForm MFU Series: High-precision laser interferometer for shape measurement and surface contour measurement (MFU 100, MFU 200)
  9. Mitutoyo
    • Laser 20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position measurement
    • Laser 30: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer
  10. Status Pro
    • EZ-EL Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (EZ-EL-A, EZ-EL-B)
  11. Tokyo Seimitsu
    • LV-50
  12. Marposs
    • BLU Series:
      • BLU LT: For length and displacement measurement
      • BLU LI: For straightness and angle measurement

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of dual-frequency laser interferometers, with nearly 30 years of experience. We can quickly repair various instruments and also offer the recycling and sale of used dual-frequency laser interferometers. Welcome to consult us.

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Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, and Brands Overview

I. Principles of Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer

The ammonia-nitrogen analyzer is an instrument specifically designed to detect ammonia-nitrogen content in water samples. It is widely used in environmental monitoring, drinking water treatment, and wastewater treatment. The analyzer’s working principle is mainly based on chemical reactions and optical measurements. Common measurement methods include the Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometric method and the salicylic acid spectrophotometric method. Taking the Nessler’s reagent method as an example, the principle is that free ammonia or ammonium ions in the water sample react with Nessler’s reagent (an alkaline solution of potassium iodide and mercuric iodide) to form a pale reddish-brown complex. The absorbance of this complex is proportional to the ammonia-nitrogen content. By measuring the absorbance at a specific wavelength (such as 420 nm), the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the water sample can be calculated.

II. Usage Instructions

Preparation:

  • Clean the cuvettes and measuring cups to ensure no residues or impurities.
  • Connect the instrument to a power source, turn it on, and preheat for at least half an hour.
  • Set detection parameters such as detection range and sample volume according to the instrument manual.

Sample Processing:

  • Take a certain amount of water sample (usually 10 mL), add appropriate reagents (such as N-NH3-1 and N-NH3-2 reagents), shake well, and let stand for a certain time (such as 10 minutes).
  • If the water sample contains interfering substances such as suspended solids, residual chlorine, calcium, and magnesium ions, appropriate pretreatment is required to eliminate the interference.

Measurement:

  • Add the processed water sample to the cuvette, place it in the instrument’s measurement seat, and cover with a light-shielding cover.
  • Start the instrument for measurement and wait for a certain time (usually a few minutes to tens of minutes) until the display stabilizes.
  • Read and record the ammonia-nitrogen concentration value.

Cleaning and Maintenance:

  • After measurement, clean the cuvettes and reagent bottles, and store them properly.
  • Regularly calibrate and maintain the instrument to ensure stable performance.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  • Instrument Startup Abnormality: Causes include power failure, internal circuit failure, or software failure. Repair methods include checking the power supply, replacing damaged power sources, inspecting internal circuits, repairing faulty circuits, and attempting to restart the instrument or update the software.
  • Deviation in Measurement Results: Causes include reagent issues, instrument calibration problems, or improper operation. Repair methods include checking if the reagents are expired or contaminated, replacing them with new ones, performing instrument calibration, and ensuring accurate and reliable operation, as well as checking the correctness of the operation process and correcting improper operations.
  • Communication Failure: Causes include faulty communication cables, loose interfaces, or software compatibility issues. Repair methods include checking the integrity of communication cables, replacing damaged ones, inspecting interface connections, reconnecting them, and checking software compatibility, updating the software, or replacing it with more compatible software.
  • Mechanical Failure: Causes include worn pump bodies and loose pipelines. Repair methods include inspecting the wear condition of mechanical parts, replacing severely worn components, checking pipeline connections, and re-securing them, as well as performing regular instrument maintenance.
  • Display Panel Abnormality: Causes include a damaged display screen, poor line contact, or power failure. Repair methods include checking if the display screen is damaged and replacing it, inspecting line connections and reconnecting them, and checking the power supply and replacing damaged power sources.

IV. Summary of Brands and Models Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  • Hach:
    • NA8000
    • DR3900: Benchtop Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • DR6000: High-precision Benchtop UV-Vis Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Nitratax plus sc: Online Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
    • HQD Series, HQ40D, HQ30D
  • YSI (Xylem Inc.):
    • ProDSS: Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer with ammonia-nitrogen determination module
    • IQ Sensor Net Series: AmmoLyt Plus: Online Ammonia-Nitrogen Sensor, VARiON Plus: Online Multi-parameter Ion-selective Electrode System
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • Orion Star A Series: Star A329: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, Star A326: Portable Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Orion AQUAfast AQ4000: Multi-parameter Photometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Hanna Instruments:
    • HI83399: Multi-parameter Photometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • HI96715: Portable Ammonia-Nitrogen Photometer
    • HI93532: Benchtop Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
  • Horiba:
    • LAQUAtwin NH4-11: Portable Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
  • Lovibond:
    • MD 600: Multi-parameter Portable Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • SpectroDirect: Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • LaMotte:
    • Smart 3 Colorimeter: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Nitrate Test Kit: Ammonia-Nitrogen Test Kit
  • Palintest:
    • Photometer 7500: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • AquaPal Series: AquaPal Photometer: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, Macro 900 Series: Multi-parameter Portable Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Mettler Toledo:
    • SevenExcellence Series: S470: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, S475: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Aquaread:
    • AP Series: AP-7000: Multi-parameter Water Quality Probe supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, AP-8000: Multi-parameter Water Quality Probe supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Shimadzu:
    • UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Series: UV-1900i: UV-Vis Spectrophotometer supporting multiple water quality parameters determination, including ammonia-nitrogen, UV-2600i: UV-Vis Spectrophotometer suitable for high-precision water quality analysis, including ammonia-nitrogen, UV-3600i Plus: High-performance UV-Vis Spectrophotometer suitable for ammonia-nitrogen determination in complex water samples
    • TOC-L Analyzer Series: TOC-LCPH/CPN: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, which can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate accessories, TOC-LCSH/CSN: High-sensitivity Total Organic Carbon Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Ion Chromatography Series: ICPE-9800 Series: Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer suitable for trace ammonia-nitrogen determination, ICPE-9000 Series: Multi-function Ion Chromatograph that can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Automatic Analyzer Series: AA-7000 Series: Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, which can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate accessories
    • Nexis GC-2030 Gas Chromatograph: Can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate detectors and columns.

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing ammonia-oxygen analyzers and can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, the company回收 (recycles) and sells various used ammonia-oxygen analyzers. For more information, please contact us.