Category: Instrumentation

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 Understanding and Using a Colorimeter: Principles, Instructions, Faults, and Brands

Colorimeter: An Optical Measurement Instrument Simulating Human Eye’s Response to Red, Green, and Blue Light

I. Working Principle of Colorimeter

Optical System:

  • The colorimeter typically consists of a light source, a sample, and a detector (or sensor).
  • The light source emits light (which can be white light or specific wavelengths, such as the D65 light source simulating natural lighting conditions), and the light passes through or reflects off the sample before being received by the detector.

Color Detection:

  • The detector usually has three channels corresponding to red, green, and blue.
  • Each detector is calibrated to respond to specific wavelengths associated with its respective color channel.
  • The detected light intensities are used to calculate the object’s tristimulus values (X, Y, Z), representing the object’s color in a standardized color space (e.g., CIE XYZ color space).

Color Space:

  • The colorimeter can convert between different color spaces (e.g., RGB, Lab, LCH, etc.).
  • The Lab color space is one of the commonly used spaces, consisting of lightness (L), the a-axis (red-green axis), and the b-axis (yellow-blue axis).

Color Difference Calculation:

  • The colorimeter assesses color consistency by measuring the difference between the sample and a standard sample.
  • It first measures the color information of the standard sample as a reference, then measures the color information of the test sample, and compares the two.
  • The color difference value is calculated using mathematical algorithms (such as ΔE*ab) to evaluate the degree of color difference in the sample.

II. Usage Instructions for Colorimeter

  1. Warm-up:
    • Turn on the colorimeter and allow it to warm up for a specified time (e.g., 30 minutes) to ensure stable performance.
  2. Calibration:
    • Calibrate the instrument according to the manual before measurements to ensure accuracy.
    • Calibration typically includes zero calibration and white calibration steps.
  3. Select Color Parameters:
    • Choose the appropriate color parameters (e.g., CIE Lab*, CIE LCh) based on measurement needs.
  4. Place the Sample:
    • Position the test sample on the measurement platform, ensuring it is flat, without reflection or impurities.
    • For opaque samples, place them on a black background for measurement.
  5. Set Measurement Mode:
    • Choose the suitable measurement mode (e.g., standard mode, quick mode) based on actual requirements and set parameters such as light source and observation angle.
  6. Start Measurement:
    • Follow the manual’s instructions to set the measurement mode and press the start button. The instrument will measure automatically.
  7. Record Data:
    • After measurement, the instrument will display the results. Record relevant data (e.g., L, a, b* values) as needed for further analysis.
  8. Clean the Instrument:
    • Clean the instrument’s surface and internal parts promptly after use to maintain cleanliness.
  9. Shutdown and Storage:
    • Turn off the instrument after all measurements. Store it in a dry, cool place, avoiding direct sunlight and humid environments.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

1. Light Source Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: Damaged light source, failure to illuminate, or insufficient brightness.
  • Possible Causes: Damaged light source, poor line connection, insufficient battery power, or damaged battery.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Check and replace the light source (e.g., pulsed xenon lamp or tungsten bulb).
    • Check line connections for proper contact.
    • Replace or recharge the battery.

2. Battery Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: Insufficient battery power, failure to charge, or damaged battery causing instrument malfunction.
  • Possible Causes: Aging battery, incorrect battery installation, poor battery contact.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Install the battery correctly.
    • Check battery power and recharge or replace as needed.

3. Display Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: LCD screen failure or abnormal display.
  • Possible Causes: No battery installed, insufficient battery power, incorrect battery installation, line fault.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Install the battery or connect the AC adapter correctly.
    • Check and repair line faults.

4. Key Malfunctions:

  • Fault Manifestation: Measurement buttons or body keys not functioning.
  • Possible Causes: Damaged keys, charging in progress, or connection to a PC application.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Ensure to press the measurement button when the READY indicator is on after charging.
    • Disconnect from the PC application.
    • Replace damaged keys or have them repaired by professionals.

5. Connection Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: Failure to connect to PC applications or printers.
  • Possible Causes: Incorrect connection method, multiple instruments connected in the PC.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Connect to the PC correctly, ensuring only one instrument is connected.
    • Select the correct connection option from the settings screen (e.g., “USB Connection” → “PC” or “Printer”).

6. Indicator and Buzzer Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: LED indicator not lighting up, buzzer not sounding.
  • Possible Causes: Settings issue (e.g., set to “off”).
  • Repair Methods:
    • Connect to the PC application and check/modify relevant settings.

7. Calibration Issues:

  • Fault Manifestation: Colorimeter unable to complete calibration or inaccurate calibration results.
  • Possible Causes: Worn, contaminated, or discolored calibration white board, or incorrect execution of the calibration process.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Clean or replace the calibration white board.
    • Follow the manual to execute the calibration process correctly.

8. System Faults:

  • Fault Manifestation: General system errors, instrument malfunction.
  • Possible Causes: Aging bulb, aging circuit board, software issues.
  • Repair Methods:
    • Replace the bulb or circuit board.
    • Upgrade or restore software to the latest version.
    • For complex issues, contact Longi Ectromechanical Company or a professional repair team for inspection and repair.

IV. Brands and Models of Colorimeters Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company

  1. Datacolor:
    • Datacolor 600
    • Check 3
    • SpyderX Elite
    • ColorReader Pro
    • SpectraVision Spectro 700
    • SpectraVision Spectro 1000
  2. Konica Minolta:
    • CM-700d
    • CM-600d
    • CM-5
    • CM-3600A
    • CM-3610A
    • CM-25d
    • CM-26dG
  3. X-Rite:
    • Ci64
    • Ci7600
    • Ci7800
    • eXact Standard
    • eXact Advanced
    • RM200QC
  4. HunterLab:
    • UltraScan PRO
    • ColorFlex EZ
    • LabScan XE
    • MiniScan EZ 4500L
    • Vista
  5. BYK-Gardner:
    • spectro2guide
    • spectro-guide
    • micro-gloss
    • color-guide
  6. 3NH (ThreeNH):
    • YS6060
    • NH310
    • TS7600
    • NS800
    • NH300
  7. PCE Instruments:
    • PCE-CSM 8
    • PCE-CSM 10
    • PCE-CSM 20
    • PCE-TCD 100
  8. Hach:
    • DR1900
    • DR6000

Longi Ectromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing colorimeters, enabling swift repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used colorimeters. For more information, please feel free to contact us.

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Introduction to Colorimeter: Working Principle, Usage, Faults, and Repair by Longi Ectromechanical Company

Colorimeter: An Optical Instrument for Color Measurement

1. Introduction to Colorimeter

A colorimeter is an optical measurement instrument that simulates the human eye’s response to red, green, and blue light. It assesses color differences by measuring the intensity of light reflected or transmitted from the surface of an object, based on the concept of color space.

2. Working Principle of Colorimeter

Optical System:

  • The colorimeter typically consists of a light source, sample, and detector (or sensor).
  • The light source emits light (which can be white light or specific wavelengths, such as the D65 light source, used to simulate natural lighting conditions). The light passes through the sample and is then received by the detector.

Color Detection:

  • The detector usually has three channels corresponding to red, green, and blue.
  • Each detector is calibrated to respond to specific wavelengths of light associated with its respective color channel.
  • The detected light intensity is used to calculate the object’s tristimulus values (X, Y, Z), representing its color in a standardized color space (such as the CIE XYZ color space).

Color Space:

  • The colorimeter can convert between different color spaces (such as RGB, Lab, LCH, etc.).
  • The Lab color space is one of the commonly used color spaces, consisting of lightness (L), the a-axis (red-green axis), and the b-axis (yellow-blue axis).

Color Difference Calculation:

  • The colorimeter assesses color consistency by measuring the color difference between the sample and a standard sample.
  • It first measures the color information of the standard sample as a reference, then measures the color information of the sample to be tested, and compares the two.
  • The color difference value between the two is calculated using mathematical algorithms (such as ΔE*ab) to evaluate the degree of color difference in the sample.

3. Usage Instructions for Colorimeter

  1. Warm-up: Turn on the colorimeter power and preheat for a certain period (such as 30 minutes) to ensure stable instrument performance.
  2. Calibration: Calibrate the instrument according to the instructions before measurement, including zero calibration and white board calibration.
  3. Select Color Parameters: Choose the appropriate color parameters (such as CIE Lab*, CIE LCh, etc.) based on measurement needs.
  4. Place Sample: Place the sample on the measuring platform, ensuring it is flat, without reflection or impurities. For opaque samples, measure on a black background.
  5. Set Measurement Mode: Choose the appropriate measurement mode (such as standard mode, quick mode, etc.) based on actual needs, and set parameters such as light source and observation angle.
  6. Start Measurement: Follow the instrument instructions to set the measurement mode and press the start button. The instrument will measure automatically.
  7. Record Data: After measurement, the instrument will display the results. Record relevant data (such as L, a, b* values, etc.) as needed for further analysis.
  8. Clean Instrument: Clean the instrument surface and internal parts after measurement to maintain cleanliness.
  9. Shutdown and Storage: Turn off the instrument power after all measurements. Store the instrument in a dry, cool place, avoiding direct sunlight and humid environments.

Additional Precautions:

  • Keep the instrument stable, avoiding severe vibration or collision.
  • Regularly inspect and replace easily damaged parts such as light sources and detectors.
  • Follow the operation and maintenance requirements in the instrument instructions.

4. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Light Source Issues:

  • Fault: Light source damage, failure to illuminate, or insufficient brightness.
  • Possible Causes: Damaged light source, poor line connection, insufficient battery power, or damaged battery.
  • Repair Methods: Check and replace the light source (such as a pulsed xenon lamp or tungsten bulb), check line connections for good contact, replace or recharge the battery.

Battery Issues:

  • Fault: Insufficient battery power, failure to charge, or instrument malfunction due to damaged battery.
  • Possible Causes: Battery aging, incorrect battery installation, or poor battery contact.
  • Repair Methods: Install the battery correctly, check battery power and recharge or replace as needed.

Display Issues:

  • Fault: LCD screen failure or abnormal display.
  • Possible Causes: No battery installed, insufficient battery power, incorrect battery installation, or line fault.
  • Repair Methods: Install the battery or connect the AC adapter correctly, check and repair line faults.

Button Malfunction:

  • Fault: Measurement buttons or body buttons do not function.
  • Possible Causes: Damaged buttons, charging in progress, or connection to a PC application.
  • Repair Methods: Press the measurement button after charging is complete and the READY indicator is on. Disconnect from the PC application if connected. If the button is damaged, replace it or have it repaired by professionals.

Connection Issues:

  • Fault: Unable to connect to PC applications or printers.
  • Possible Causes: Incorrect connection method, multiple instruments connected in the PC.
  • Repair Methods: Connect to the PC end correctly, ensuring only one instrument is connected. Select the correct connection option from the settings screen (such as “USB Connection” → “PC” or “Printer”).

Indicator and Buzzer Issues:

  • Fault: LED indicator does not light up, buzzer does not sound.
  • Possible Causes: Settings issue (such as being set to “off”).
  • Repair Methods: Connect to the PC application and check or modify relevant settings.

Calibration Issues:

  • Fault: The colorimeter cannot complete calibration or the calibration result is inaccurate.
  • Possible Causes: Worn, contaminated, or discolored calibration white board, or incorrect execution of the calibration process.
  • Repair Methods: Clean or replace the calibration white board. Perform the calibration process correctly according to the instructions.

System Faults:

  • Fault: Conventional system errors, instrument malfunction.
  • Possible Causes: Aged bulb, aged circuit board, or software issues.
  • Repair Methods: Replace the bulb or circuit board. Upgrade or restore software to the latest version. For complex issues or those that cannot be resolved independently, contact Longi Ectromechanical Company’s professional repair team for detection and repair.

5. Brands and Models of Colorimeters Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company

Datacolor:

  1. Datacolor 600
  2. Check 3
  3. SpyderX Elite
  4. ColorReader Pro
  5. SpectraVision Spectro 700
  6. SpectraVision Spectro 1000

Konica Minolta:

  1. CM-700d
  2. CM-600d
  3. CM-5
  4. CM-3600A
  5. CM-3610A
  6. CM-25d
  7. CM-26dG

X-Rite:

  1. Ci64
  2. Ci7600
  3. Ci7800
  4. eXact Standard
  5. eXact Advanced
  6. RM200QC

HunterLab:

  1. UltraScan PRO
  2. ColorFlex EZ
  3. LabScan XE
  4. MiniScan EZ 4500L
  5. Vista

BYK-Gardner:

  1. spectro2guide
  2. spectro-guide
  3. micro-gloss
  4. color-guide

3NH (ThreeNH):

  1. YS6060
  2. NH310
  3. TS7600
  4. NS800
  5. NH300

PCE Instruments:

  1. PCE-CSM 8
  2. PCE-CSM 10
  3. PCE-CSM 20
  4. PCE-TCD 100

Hach:

  1. DR1900
  2. DR6000

6. Conclusion

Longi Ectromechanical Company specializes in the repair of colorimeters, with nearly 30 years of experience. We can quickly repair various types of instruments and also offer recycling and sales of used colorimeters. For more information, please contact us.

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Potentiometric Analyzers: Common Faults, Maintenance, and Specifications

Potentiometric Analyzers (e.g., Zeta Potential Analyzers) in Laboratory and Industrial Applications: Common Faults and Maintenance

I. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  1. No Power, Power Indicator Not Lit
    • Fault Causes:
      • Main power circuit breaker tripped.
      • Power fuse blown.
      • Indicator light damaged.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Check for short circuits in the device and reset the circuit breaker.
      • Replace the fuse or indicator light.
  2. Abnormal Output Voltage and Current, C1 Potential Indicator Drops
    • Fault Causes:
      • Insulating flange short-circuited.
      • Short-circuited with other underground metal structures.
      • Reference electrode damaged.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Repair the short-circuited insulating flange and disconnect from underground metal structures.
      • Check the reference electrode measurement wire or replace the reference electrode.
  3. Increased Noise
    • Fault Causes:
      • Uneven placement of the case.
      • Poor contact of the main relay.
      • Loose bolts on the main transformer or filter reactor.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Level the case.
      • Replace the main relay.
      • Tighten loose bolts.
  4. Fault Light On
    • Fault Causes:
      • Test conversion jump.
      • Open circuit in anode or cathode bus cable.
      • Open circuit or failure in reference electrode cable.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Press the reset button.
      • Check the anode or cathode bus cable.
      • Check the reference electrode cable or replace the reference electrode.
  5. Open Circuit in Cathode Line
    • Diagnosis:
      • Use a ZC-8 ground resistance tester to measure the grounding resistance of the anode cable. After confirming the normality of the anode cable, use a multimeter to test the continuity between the output cathode and the zero-position grounding cable to determine if there is an open circuit.
    • Repair Method:
      • Replace the open-circuited output cathode cable.
  6. Open Circuit in Reference Line or Zero-Position Grounding Line
    • Diagnosis:
      • Disconnect and measure the potential using a long-lasting reference electrode placed directly above it, or test the resistance value between these two lines to determine their integrity.
    • Repair Method:
      • Replace the open-circuited cable or reference electrode.
  7. Damaged Reference Electrode or Empty Cupric Sulfate Solution
    • Diagnosis:
      • Use a calibrated standard reference electrode placed as close as possible to the long-lasting reference electrode and use a multimeter to test the potential difference to determine if it falls within the acceptable range.
    • Repair Method:
      • Replace the long-lasting reference electrode or replenish the cupric sulfate solution.

II. Daily Maintenance Considerations

  • Regular Calibration: If performing acid-base titration to determine the isoelectric point or pH value, calibrate the pH probe before each experiment. If testing solution conductivity, calibrate the conductivity probe. The main probe can be calibrated weekly.
  • Cleaning: Clean the main probe, pH probe, and container after each sample change, and dry them to avoid residue affecting experimental results. Thoroughly clean and properly store them after experiments.

III. Potentiometric Analyzers Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company and Their Specifications

  1. Metrohm (Switzerland)
    • 905 Titrando: High-precision potentiometric titrator suitable for various complex samples with automation and modular design for laboratory and industrial applications.
    • 888 Titrando: Multi-functional potentiometric titrator supporting multiple titration methods with high precision and reliability for a wide range of applications.
  2. Mettler-Toledo
    • T50: Multi-functional titration system with high precision and user-friendly interface for routine laboratory analysis and research applications.
    • T90: High-end potentiometric titrator offering flexible automation options and advanced data management features for complex and high-demand analysis tasks.
  3. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Orion Star T940: High-performance potentiometric titrator with intuitive user interface and multiple titration modes for various electrochemical analyses.
    • Orion Versa Star Pro: Potentiometric titrator providing high-precision potential measurements and multiple titration functions for research and quality control.
  4. Hanna Instruments
    • HI902C: Fully automatic potentiometric titrator with high precision and multi-functionality for a wide range of applications, including food, beverage, and chemical analysis.
  5. Hach
    • AT1000: Fully automatic potentiometric titrator designed for high-precision titration analysis, suitable for water quality analysis and other industrial applications.
  6. SCHOTT Instruments
    • TitroLine 7800: High-end potentiometric titrator with automation and high-precision titration functions for complex analysis tasks in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries.
  7. Malvern Panalytical
    • Zetasizer Nano ZS: High-performance Zeta potential and particle size analyzer for the characterization of nanoparticles, colloids, and proteins with high sensitivity and multi-functionality.
    • Zetasizer Ultra: Provides higher resolution and accuracy for measuring particle size, Zeta potential, and molecular weight, suitable for complex sample analysis.
  8. Anton Paar
    • Litesizer 500: Multi-functional analyzer for measuring particle size, Zeta potential, and molecular weight with high precision and easy-to-use interface for various applications.
  9. Brookhaven Instruments
    • ZetaPALS: High-sensitivity Zeta potential analyzer suitable for sample measurements in low-concentration and high-salt environments, widely used in research and industrial fields.
    • NanoBrook Omni: Comprehensive particle size and Zeta potential analyzer with high precision and reliability for the characterization of various nanomaterials and colloids.
  10. Beckman Coulter
    • DelsaMax PRO: Fast and high-precision Zeta potential analyzer capable of simultaneously measuring particle size and Zeta potential, suitable for high-throughput research and industrial applications.
  11. Horiba
    • SZ-100: Multi-functional nanoparticle size and Zeta potential analyzer with high sensitivity and ease of operation, suitable for research in materials science and life sciences.
  12. Particle Metrix
    • Stabino: Automated Zeta potential analyzer for quick and precise measurement of Zeta potential, suitable for the characterization of colloids and nanomaterials.

Longi Ectromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing potentiometric analyzers and can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used potentiometric analyzers. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

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Comprehensive Guide to Particle Size Analyzer Faults, Repairs, and Preventive Measures

Particle Size Analyzer (Also known as: Particle Size Tester, Automatic Laser Particle Size Tester, Laser Particle Size Analyzer, Laser Particle Size Tester, Nano Image Particle Size Analyzer, Mean Particle Size Determinator, Particle Size Determinator, Spray Particle Size Tester, Particle Diameter Analyzer)

I. Common Fault Conditions and Troubleshooting

1. Instrument Running Unstably or Stopping:

  • Possible Cause: Power supply issues or internal component damage.
  • Solution: Check for stable power supply connection and inspect internal components for damage.

2. Laser Not Working or Unstable Light Intensity:

  • Possible Cause: Laser source malfunction or improper adjustment.
  • Solution: Check power connection and adjust potentiometer of the laser source; clean the laser surface.

3. Unable to Start or Connect to Computer:

  • Possible Cause: Power cord not properly plugged in or driver/software issues.
  • Solution: Check power cord, reinstall drivers or software, and ensure connection lines are normal.

4. Inaccurate or Deviated Measurement Results:

  • Possible Cause: Improper sample handling or incorrect instrument parameter settings.
  • Solution: Ensure uniform sample distribution and check/adjust instrument parameters such as laser power and scattering angle.

5. Slow Measurement Speed:

  • Possible Cause: High sample concentration or unclean internal optical path.
  • Solution: Select appropriate sample concentration and regularly clean the optical path.

6. Display Screen Abnormality or Error:

  • Possible Cause: Display screen malfunction or system error.
  • Solution: Attempt to restart the instrument or perform a system reset; refer to the user manual or contact technical support.

7. Abnormal Measurement Due to Improper Sample Handling:

  • Possible Cause: Uneven sample distribution, insufficient settlement, or blockage of sample inlet/outlet.
  • Solution: Adequately stir or shake the sample; check and clean the sample inlet and outlet.

8. Data Processing Software Error:

  • Possible Cause: Software incompatibility with the instrument or incorrect settings.
  • Solution: Reinstall or update the software; check settings of the data processing software and calculation formulas.

II. Repair Methods

1. Power Supply Issues:

  • Check if the power cord is tightly plugged in; check for stable power supply voltage, and replace the power socket or use a voltage stabilizer if necessary.

2. Sample Issues:

  • Ensure the sample meets instrument requirements; adequately stir the sample to ensure uniformity; filter to remove impurities.

3. Optical Component Contamination:

  • Use dedicated cleaning agents and tools to clean optical components; handle with care to avoid scratches.

4. Mechanical Component Failures:

  • Check for loose or damaged mechanical components; promptly replace or repair relevant components; ensure safe operation.

5. Software Failures:

  • Attempt to restart the instrument; if the problem persists, contact the manufacturer or professional repair personnel for software updates or repairs.

III. Preventive Measures

  • Regular Cleaning and Maintenance: Keep the instrument surface and interior clean of impurities; regularly clean the optical path.
  • Sample Pretreatment: Ensure a dust-free sample handling process; avoid sample clumping or aggregation.
  • Software Updates: Regularly update the instrument software version to ensure stability and compatibility.
  • Environmental Control: Maintain a stable instrument working environment; avoid influences of temperature, humidity, and other factors on measurement results.

By adopting these measures, the occurrence of faults in particle size analyzers can be effectively reduced, and their measurement accuracy and stability can be improved. For unresolvable faults, it is recommended to promptly contact the professional repair personnel of Longi Ectromechanical Company for assistance.

IV. Brands and Models of Particle Size Analyzers Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company

Malvern Panalytical

  • (1) Mastersizer 3000: A laser diffraction particle size analyzer with high precision and rapid measurement capabilities, suitable for various sample types, including wet and dry samples.

Beckman Coulter

  • (1) LS13320: Covers a wide range of particle sizes and efficiently analyzes the particle size distribution of various materials, suitable for research and industrial applications.

Horiba

  • (1) LA-960: Features high resolution and sensitivity, suitable for measuring particles from nanometer to millimeter scale, widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and materials science fields.

Sympatec

  • (1) HELOS: Provides high-resolution and precise particle size measurements, suitable for various industrial applications, especially in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Microtrac

  • (1) Bluewave: Adopts triple laser technology, providing extensive particle size distribution measurements from nanometer to millimeter scale, suitable for research and development as well as quality control.

Anton Paar

  • (1) PSA Series (PSA 1190, PSA 1090): Utilizes laser diffraction technology, offering high precision and reproducibility in particle size measurements, suitable for various industrial and academic research applications.

Cilas

  • (1) Cilas 1190: Adopts advanced optical design, capable of accurately measuring a wide range of particle size distributions, suitable for materials science, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

OMEC (OuMeiKe)

  • (1) LS-POP6
  • (2) LS-609
  • (3) LS-609M
  • (4) LS-609Q
  • (5) LS900
  • (6) Easysizer20
  • (7) PAMS 2000
  • (8) LPSA-1

Mettler-Toledo

  • (1) ParticleTrack G400
  • (2) ParticleTrack E25
  • (3) EasyViewer 100
  • (4) Lasentec FBRM D600L

BaiTe: BeNano90
HaiXinRui: HL2020-C
DLS: WLP-206

Longi Ectromechanical Company specializes in the long-term repair of particle size analyzers, with nearly 30 years of experience. We can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used particle size analyzers. Welcome to consult with us.

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Ozone Analyzer: Composition, Working Principle, Faults, and Repairs

I. Introduction to Ozone Analyzer

  1. Basic Composition
    • The ozone analyzer primarily consists of a low-pressure UV lamp, optical wave filter, incident UV light reflector, ozone absorption cell, sample photoelectric sensor, sampling photoelectric sensor, output display, and circuit components. These components work in unison to achieve precise measurement of ozone concentration.
  2. Working Principle
    • The working principle of the ozone analyzer is based on the absorption characteristic of ozone to specific wavelength UV light. The UV absorption method, utilizing ozone’s characteristic absorption of 254nm wavelength UV light and adhering to the Beer-Lambert Law, is the most prevalent. By measuring the intensity change of UV light before and after passing through the ozone gas, the ozone concentration can be calculated.
  3. Classification
    • According to measurement range and application, ozone analyzers can be divided into high-concentration and low-concentration types. High-concentration analyzers are suitable for ozone generator manufacturers to test product output and for health and epidemic prevention departments to monitor ozone sterilization products. Low-concentration analyzers are ideal for monitoring environmental atmospheric concentrations and detecting ozone leakage from sources such as negative ion generators, photocopiers, and ozone sterilizers.
  4. Characteristics
    • High Precision: The ozone analyzer offers high measurement accuracy, reflecting precise changes in air ozone concentration.
    • Compact and Portable: Modern designs are compact and portable, facilitating on-site monitoring and mobile use.
    • Low Power Consumption: Some models feature low power consumption, enabling long-term use without frequent battery or power source replacement.
    • Data Recording and Transmission: Advanced models incorporate data loggers and real-time clocks, enabling data recording and transmission for subsequent analysis and processing.
  5. Application Areas
    • Ozone analyzers are widely used in ozone production workshops, petroleum, chemical, textile, paper, pharmaceutical, and flavor & fragrance industries, water treatment, and food & medicine sterilization workshops. They are also ideal for remote on-site monitoring, urban network monitoring, scientific experiments, research studies, and process monitoring.
  6. Maintenance and Upkeep
    • Regular maintenance and upkeep, including cleaning the instrument surface, checking sensor and circuit component status, and calibrating the instrument, are essential for ensuring accuracy and stability. Care should be taken to avoid environmental interference and instrument damage.
  7. Precautions
    • Ensure the instrument operates in a stable environment, avoiding high temperatures, humidity, and strong magnetic fields.
    • Regularly calibrate and maintain the instrument to ensure measurement accuracy and reliability.
    • Observe safety precautions during measurements, avoiding direct contact with high-concentration ozone gas to prevent harm.

II. Common Faults and Repair Methods for Ozone Analyzers

  1. Inaccurate Display or Data Loss
    • Faults: Sensor aging, environmental interference, insufficient storage space, or faulty storage media.
    • Repair Methods: Regularly inspect and replace sensors, ensure suitable operating conditions, timely export data and clear storage, and replace damaged storage media.
  2. Alarm Function Failure
    • Faults: Incorrect alarm settings, damaged or loose alarms.
    • Repair Methods: Reset alarm thresholds and inspect, repair, or replace alarms.
  3. Unstable Values
    • Faults: Unstable ozone concentration values, continuously rising display on the LCD screen.
    • Repair Methods: Ensure good insulation between the transmitter and the box, and check solid-state output signals and relays.
  4. No Display or Abnormal Display
    • Faults: No ozone concentration display after power-on, only upper or lower limits shown.
    • Repair Methods: Check for 24V power supply to the ozone transmitter, ensure secure connections between sensors and the mainboard, and adjust transmitter zero point.
  5. Slow Instrument Response
    • Faults: Slow response time, failing to meet requirements.
    • Repair Methods: Set a reasonable analyzer averaging time, clear condensate from pipelines, and set a suitable indoor air conditioning temperature. Clean the optical cell, reinstall, and run for a period to check for leaks.
  6. Other Parameter Inaccuracies
    • Faults: Simultaneous inaccuracies in pressure, temperature, flow, and large concentration display fluctuations.
    • Repair Methods: Replace the CPU or driver board to address A/D or multi-switch damage. Inspect and replace the mainboard, driver board, or related components to ensure normal control signal output.

III. Ozone Analyzer Brands and Models Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company

  1. 2B Technologies
    • Model 106-L: 0-100ppm
    • Model 106-M: 0-1000ppm
    • Model 106-H: 0-20wt%
    • The 106 series portable ozone analyzer uses UV absorption for on-site rapid measurements with high sensitivity and precision.
  2. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Model 49I: Utilizes UV absorption (UV photometry) to measure ozone concentration, widely used in environmental air quality monitoring.
  3. Teledyne API
    • Model T400: Based on UV absorption technology, provides continuous, real-time ozone concentration data, suitable for long-term monitoring.
  4. Horiba
    • Model APOA-370: Uses UV absorption technology with high sensitivity and stability, suitable for environmental monitoring and research applications.
  5. Eco Physics
    • Model nCLD 822 Mh: Utilizes chemiluminescence detection technology for precise measurements at very low concentrations, suitable for laboratories and research institutions.
  6. Aeroqual
    • Series 500: A portable device using electrochemical sensor technology, suitable for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring.
  7. Lumasense Technologies
    • Model INNOVA 1412i: A multi-gas detector capable of measuring multiple gases, including ozone, suitable for various industrial and scientific applications.

Conclusion
The stable operation and data accuracy of ozone analyzers rely on routine maintenance and management. Understanding common faults and repair methods is crucial for reducing instrument failure rates, improving operational efficiency, and ensuring monitoring data reliability. Regular inspections, maintenance, and calibration according to manufacturer recommendations are advised.

Longi Ectromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing ozone analyzers, enabling rapid repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used ozone analyzers. For more information, please contact us.

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Repair Methods and Maintenance of Thermal Conductivity Instruments: Addressing Common Faults and Ensuring Accuracy

Thermal Conductivity Instruments (Including Laser Thermal Conductivity Tester, Flash Thermal Conductivity Tester, Thermal Reflectance Thermal Conductivity Tester, Thermal Conductivity Coefficient Tester, etc.) Play a Vital Role in Material Research and Testing, But May Encounter Various Faults During Use. Below Are Some Common Fault Scenarios and Corresponding Repair Methods:

I. Common Fault Scenarios

1. Unstable Readings or Display Errors

  • Possible Causes: Connection issues, sensor contamination, incorrect sample installation, unstable environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity fluctuations).
  • Repair Methods: Check and reconnect the device, clean the sensor, ensure correct sample installation, and stabilize environmental conditions.

2. Readings Too High or Too Low

  • Possible Causes: Poor thermal contact, incorrect input of sample thickness or dimensions, instrument not properly calibrated.
  • Repair Methods: Ensure good thermal contact between the sample and sensor, verify and correctly input sample parameters, and calibrate according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.

3. Slow Heating or Cooling Rates

  • Possible Causes: Faulty heating or cooling elements, improper power and control settings, maintenance required.
  • Repair Methods: Check the working status of heating or cooling elements, adjust power and control settings, and perform necessary cleaning or replacement of parts.

4. Readings Affected by External Interference

  • Possible Causes: Electromagnetic interference, vibration, light interference.
  • Repair Methods: Place the instrument in a light-shielded, vibration-free, and low-electromagnetic interference environment, and use shielding materials or isolation measures to reduce interference.

5. Software Operation Difficulties

  • Possible Causes: Unfamiliarity with software functions, improper operation.
  • Repair Methods: Thoroughly read the user manual or operation guide, contact Longi Ectromechanical Company for technical support, and attend training courses to improve operational skills.

6. Hardware Faults

  • Possible Scenarios: Switch knob not fully rotated, copper wire desoldered, battery box wire broken, circuit board failure, laser head not emitting light, etc.
  • Repair Methods: Inspect the hardware components such as switch knobs, copper wire soldering, battery box wires, and circuit boards, and repair or replace as necessary.

7. Light Source or Detector Faults

  • Possible Causes: Unstable light source intensity, damaged detector.
  • Repair Methods: Regularly check the working status of the light source and detector, and replace promptly if issues are found.

8. Data Acquisition System Faults

  • Possible Causes: Hardware or software faults in the data acquisition system.
  • Repair Methods: Check the working status of the data acquisition system and repair or replace if necessary.

II. Repair Method Summary

Basic Checks:

  • Inspect device connections, power supply, sensors, and sample installation.
  • Ensure stable environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity).

Calibration & Adjustment:

  • Regularly calibrate the instrument following the manufacturer’s guidelines.
  • Adjust instrument settings to ensure correct measurement parameters.

Hardware Maintenance:

  • Clean sensors, heating or cooling elements, and other critical components.
  • Inspect and repair or replace damaged hardware, such as copper wires, wires, and circuit boards.

Software & Operation:

  • Thoroughly read user manuals and operation guides to ensure correct software operation.
  • Contact the manufacturer or technical support for assistance if needed.

Preventive Maintenance:

  • Regularly inspect the working status of all device components and perform necessary maintenance and replacements.
  • Establish maintenance records to track the usage status and repair history of the equipment.

Environmental Control:

  • Ensure the device operates under stable environmental conditions and avoid external interference.

By implementing these repair methods, the accuracy and reliability of thermal conductivity instruments in material research and testing can be ensured, improving the precision of measurement data.

III. Brands and Models of Thermal Conductivity Instruments Repaired by Longi Ectromechanical Company

  1. NETZSCH (Germany)
    • LFA467HT (LFA 467 HyperFlash)
    • LFA 447 NanoFlash
    • LFA 457 MicroFlash
  2. TA Instruments (USA)
    • DLF1200
    • DLF1600
    • DLF2800
  3. Linseis Thermal Analysis (Germany)
    • LFA1000
    • LFA500
  4. Thermophysical Instruments (Japan)
    • TC1200
    • TC7000
  5. C-Therm Technologies (Canada)
    • TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer
    • Trident Thermal Conductivity Analyzer
  7. KEM (Japan), Quick Thermal Conductivity Tester
    • QTM-500
    • QTM-710
    • QTM-700
    • TPS2500S
  8. Xiangtan Xiangyi Instrument (China)
    • LFA 4000
    • LFA 2000
    • DRH-300
    • DRH-ZD-300
    • DRH-400
    • DRH-ZD-400
    • DRH-600
    • DRH-ZD-600
    • DRE-2A
    • DRE-2B
    • DRE-2C
    • DRE-2D
    • DRE-2E
    • DRE-2D (duplicated, possibly an error)
    • DRE-2G
  9. Phoenix Laser Thermal Conductivity Instruments (China)
  10. CORE EU
  11. Hangtian Ruibo

Longi Ectromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing thermal conductivity instruments (including laser thermal conductivity testers, flash thermal conductivity testers, thermal reflectance thermal conductivity testers, and thermal conductivity coefficient testers). We can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used thermal conductivity instruments. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

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Vector Network Analyzer: Common Faults and Solutions”Vector Network Analyzer: Troubleshooting Guide and Repair Services for Various Brands and Models”Vector Network Analyzer: Common Faults and Solutions

I. Common Fault Phenomena

  1. Power Supply Faults:
    • Indicators: Front panel power indicator not lit, fan not rotating, network analyzer unable to start normally, or constant resetting due to unstable power supply voltage.
  2. Display Faults:
    • Manifestations: No display (black screen), scrambled screen, grayscale display. Possible causes include monitor failure, graphics processing board failure, or CPU failure.
  3. Local Oscillator Faults:
    • Issues: Local oscillator unlock, low local oscillator power resulting in high signal insertion loss, and poor local oscillator spectrum purity.
  4. Signal Path Faults:
    • Components affected: Input connectors, signal cables, attenuators, preselectors, frequency converters, intermediate frequency amplification/filtering, data acquisition and processing.
  5. Processor Faults:
    • Primarily involve processor hardware and program (software) faults, with the latter being more common.

II. Solutions

  1. Power Supply Fault Repair:
    • Check power cord connections and power outlets to ensure proper power supply.
    • Replace the power module or repair the power circuit if the power indicator is not lit or the fan does not rotate.
  2. Display Fault Repair:
    • Inspect display cable connections and related circuit boards for proper connection.
    • Replace the display or relevant circuit boards if the issue persists.
  3. Local Oscillator Fault Repair:
    • Examine local oscillator circuit boards and connections for damage or looseness.
    • Adjust the local oscillator circuit or replace relevant components if there is unlock or low power.
  4. Signal Path Fault Repair:
    • Check all components in the signal path, including input connectors, signal cables, attenuators, etc., for secure connections and proper functioning.
    • Replace or repair faulty components promptly.
  5. Processor Fault Repair:
    • Restart the instrument and check software settings for any program errors or configuration issues.
    • Reset the processor or reinstall software if the problem remains.
  6. Preventive Measures:
    • Ensure proper grounding to avoid electrostatic interference.
    • Read and follow instrument technical specifications and warning labels.
    • Pay attention to electrostatic protection, especially for exposed interfaces.
    • Maintain good instrument ventilation and avoid blocking air outlets.
    • When performing DC input, ground the equipment before connecting the power supply.

III. Brands and Models That Can Be Repaired

  1. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent Technologies):
    • 8753ET
    • ENA Series: E5061B, E5062A, E5063A, E5071B, E5071C, E5072, E5080A, E5080B
    • PNA Series: N5225A, N5225B, N5227A, N5227B, N5230C, N5230A, N5222A, N5221B, N5224, 5225BT, 5227, 5230C
    • PNA-X Series: N5247B, N5241A, N5241B, N5249A, N5249B
  2. Yi Zhuo Optoelectronic Technology (TFN):
    • Handheld Spectrum Analyzers: RMT714A, RMT716A, RMT717A, RMT719A, RMT720A, RMT740A, FAT130, FAT150, FAT750, FAT801, FAT811, FAT860 (5KHz-20GHz)
    • Antenna Feeder VSWR Testers: T300F, T300H (300KHZ-3GHZ)
    • 10G Ethernet Testers: T200K, T3000A, T5500A
    • Network Synthesis Testers: TT70-S1, TT70-S2, TT70-S3, TT70-S4
  4. Rohde & Schwarz:
    • ZNA Series: ZNA26, ZNA43, ZNA50, ZNA67
    • ZVA Series: ZVA8, ZVA14, ZVA24, ZVA40, ZVA50, ZVA67, ZVA110
    • ZVB Series: ZVB8, ZVB14
    • ZNB Series: ZNB20, ZNB26, ZNB40
  5. Anritsu:
    • MS4647B (ShockLine), MS46524B (ShockLine), MS46131A, MS4642B, MS4644B, MS4645B, MS4647A, MS46522A, MS46522B, MS46322, MS46121, MS46122
  6. Tektronix:
    • TTR500 Series: TTR500, TTR503A, TTR506A, MSO58LP, LPD64
    • RSA5000 Series: RSA5115B, RSA5103B, RSA5000-B40, RSA5000-VSA, RSA5000-EMI, RSA5000-AMK, RSA5000-PA
    • RSA6000 Series
    • RSA7000 Series: 7100A
  7. Copper Mountain Technologies:
    • Cobalt Series (e.g., S5180)
    • Planar Series (e.g., S5048)
    • R Series: R60, R140B, R180
    • Others: S5090, TR1300, M5045, M5065, M5090, M5180, S5045, S5065, S5085, S5180B, S5243, SC5065, SC5090, SN5090-6 to SN5090-16, C1209 to C4409, C1220 to C4220
  8. National Instruments (NI):
    • PXI Network Analyzer Series: PXI-2596, PXIe-5632, PXIE-8840
    • VirtualBench Multifunction Instruments: VB-8032, VB-8034, VB-8054, 783555-10
  9. RIGOL:
    • RSA5032, RSA5065-TG, RSA5000, RSA3000, RSA3015N, RSA3030, RSA3045N, RSA3030-TG, RSA3045, RSA3045-TG, RSA5032-TG, DSA815, DSA815-TG, DSA875, DSA875-TG, DSA832, DSA832-TG, DSA832E, DSA832E-TG, DSA705, DSA710
  10. CETC 41st Research Institute:
    • Siyi 3672 Series: 3672A, 3672B, 3672C, 3672D, 3672E
    • AV36580A: A new-generation vector network analyzer with multiple communication functions, automated testing capabilities, and wide test applications.
  11. Other Brands:
    • SAMZHE, Fluke, Spirant, Ideal Industries (USA)

Repair and Sales Services

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of network analyzers (including wireless spectrum analyzers, antenna feeder VSWR testers, Ethernet testers, network synthesis testers, vector network analyzers, real-time spectrum analyzers, USB vector network analyzers) with nearly 30 years of experience. We provide quick repairs for various instruments and also offer sales and recycling of used network analyzers. Feel free to contact us for more information.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Spectrometers: Principles, Usage Methods, Common Faults, and Repair Techniques (Spectral Analyzer, Infrared Spectrometer, Raman Spectrometer, Fluorescence Spectrometer, Direct-Reading Spectrometer, UV-Vis Spectrometer, Fluorescence Spectrometer)

I. Spectrometer Fault Handling

  1. Invalid Detection, No Data Output:
    • Replace or upgrade the light source equipment.
    • Repair or clean the detector.
    • Realign the optical path.
    • Fault Causes: Insufficient light emission from the source, damaged or dusty detector, misaligned or shifted optical path.
  2. Optical Path Obstruction:
    • Clear the sample or optical path.
    • Check for damaged components or dust in the optical path and clean or replace as necessary.
    • Fault Causes: Sample residue in the optical path, blockages such as damaged components or dust.
  3. Vacuum Pump Not Starting:
    • Ensure consistency between pump and oil models, and regularly replace pump oil.
    • Adjust indoor temperature to avoid excessively low temperatures.
    • Check and manually start the pump motor via the analysis software.
    • Fault Causes: Poor viscosity or incorrect model of pump oil, temperature-related issues, control signal problems.
  4. Sudden Loss of Negative High Voltage:
    • Try unplugging and replugging the second ground wire of the control box; if unsuccessful, consider restarting the instrument.
    • Fault Cause: Vacuum value not rising for an extended period.
  5. Low Light Intensity:
    • Clean the condensing lens.
    • Clean the slit.
    • Replace the corresponding photomultiplier tube.
    • Fault Causes: Dirty condensing lens, dirty slit, degraded performance of the photomultiplier tube.
  6. Unstable Instrument Analysis Data:
    • Check and replace the rear fan of the instrument if necessary.
    • Fault Causes: Poor temperature control in the instrument’s vacuum chamber, faulty rear fan operation.
  7. Poor Communication Line Contact Leading to Computer Crash or Program Error:
    • Reconnect the communication line.
  8. Exhaust Blockage:
    • Replace the exhaust pipe with a transparent plastic tube and regularly purge the exhaust line.
    • Fault Causes: Blocked argon exhaust line, debris in the lower bend of the spark chamber, debris at the inlet of the argon filter.
  9. Power, Connection, or Software Issues:
    • Check for proper power connection, damaged or loose power cords.
    • Ensure correct and undamaged connection of cables.
    • If software issues occur, attempt reinstallation or updating.
  10. Other Maintenance and Calibration:
    • Regularly clean the optical components of the spectrometer and perform calibration to ensure accuracy.

Note: The above solutions are for reference only. For specific faults, it is recommended to contact Rongji Electromechanical for professional repair and support.

II. Supported Spectrometer Brands by Rongji Electromechanical

  1. Niton Spectrometers (Thermo Fisher Scientific):
    • Niton XL2, Niton XL2 Plus, Niton XL5 Plus, Niton DXL Precious Metal Analyzer, Niton XL2 100G General Metal Analyzer, Niton Apollo Handheld LIBS Analyzer.
  2. Yokogawa Spectrometers:
    • AQ6370, AQ6370B, AQ670C, AQ6370D, AQ6374, AQ6375, AQ6376, AQ6315E, AQ6317B, AQ6317C, AQ6319, AQ6330.
  3. Hitachi Spectrometers:
    • OE720, OE750, PMI-MASTER Smart, X-Supreme8000, LAB-X5000.
  4. HORIBA Spectrometers:
    • FluoroMax Plus, VS70-PDA-HDR, Duetta, Ultima Expert, MicroHR Series, MicOS, 1000M Series, HR Evolution, iHR320, XploRA PLUS XS, T64000, HE.
  5. Malvern Spectrometers:
    • Mastersizer 3000+ Ultra, Mastersizer 3000+ Pro, Mastersizer 3000+ Lab, Mastersizer 3000E.
  6. Beckman Coulter Spectrometers:
    • DU 640, DU 720, DU 730.
  7. Shimadzu Spectrometers:
    • ICPE-9000, ICPE-9800, ICPS-7000, ICPS-7510, ICPS-8100, EDX-LE Plus, EDX-GP, EDX-7200, EDX-8000, EDX-8100, IRSpirit, IRPrestige-21, PDA-5000, PDA-7000, PDA-8000, SolidSpec-3700, 3700DUV, RM-3000, RF-6000, UV-1900I.
  8. Thermo Fisher Scientific Spectrometers:
    • Nicolet Summit, ARL 3460, ARL 4460, ARLeasySpark, DXRxi, DXR, DXR™ 3, WDXRF, EDXRF, XRFXRD, ARL EQUINOX.
  9. Bruker Spectrometers:
    • VERTEX Series, ALPHA II, INVENIO, IFS 125HR, MPA II, TANGO, MATRIX-F, SENTERRA II, BRAVO, MultiRAM, RAM II, TXRF S4 TSTAR, S2 PICOFOX, M4 TORNADO, S1 TITAN, Q4 TASMAN, Q2, Q2L, Q8.
  10. Agilent Spectrometers:
    • Agilent 8453, Agilent Cary 60, Agilent Cary 100, Agilent Cary 300, Agilent 55, Agilent 4100 MP-AES, Agilent 710/715 Series, Agilent 5110.
  11. HORIBA Additional Models:
    • HR Evolution, iHR320, XploRA PLUS XS, T64000, HE.
  12. PerkinElmer Spectrometers:
    • Spectrum Two, Spectrum 3, PinAAcle 500, PinAAcle 900F.
  13. Tianrui Instruments:
    • EDX Series, SUPERXRF1050, Explorer8000 Series, SEE 100, SEE 200, ZSX Primus Series, XEPOS.
  14. Nanjing Sanxiang Spectrometers:
    • THICK800A, EDX4500H.

Longi Electromechanical offers long-term maintenance for various types of spectrometers, including infrared, Raman, fluorescence, direct-reading, UV-Vis, and more. With nearly 30 years of experience, we can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used spectrometers. For more information, please contact us.