Tag: Usage

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Comprehensive Analysis of Headspace Sampler: Principles,Brand, Usage Methods, and Troubleshooting Guide

I. Overview of Headspace Sampler

The headspace sampler is an efficient and convenient sample pretreatment method in gas chromatography. Its principle involves placing the sample to be tested in a sealed container, heating it to volatilize the volatile components, achieving equilibrium in the gas-liquid (or gas-solid) phases, and then directly extracting the top gas for chromatographic analysis to detect the composition and content of volatile components in the sample. This technique simplifies the sample pretreatment process, avoids the interference of organic solvents, and reduces contamination of the chromatographic column and injection port.

II. Principles of Headspace Sampler

The working principles of the headspace sampler are mainly divided into two types: solution headspace and solid headspace.

  • Solution Headspace: The sample is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and placed in a headspace vial, which is then heated for a certain period to allow the residual solvent to reach equilibrium in the gas-liquid phases. Subsequently, a quantitative amount of gas is sampled for measurement.
  • Solid Headspace: The solid sample is directly placed in the headspace vial and heated for a certain period to allow the volatile components to reach equilibrium in the gas-solid phases. Afterwards, a quantitative amount of gas is sampled for measurement.

III. Usage Methods

Preparation Stage:

  1. Accurately transfer the sample to the headspace vial and seal it.
  2. Place the headspace vial in the heating oven and allow it to equilibrate for the preset time.

Parameter Setting:

  1. Set parameters such as heating temperature of the headspace vial, temperature of the quantitative tube, and temperature of the transfer line as needed.
  2. Ensure that the headspace sampler is correctly connected to the gas chromatograph, and set the appropriate carrier gas flow rate and split ratio.

Sampling Operation:

  1. Use the pressure method or equilibrium method to introduce the headspace gas into the gas chromatograph.
  2. After starting the sampling, wait for the sample peak to finish, press the cleaning button to clean, and then proceed with the next sample.

Data Analysis:

  1. Analyze the data obtained from the gas chromatograph to calculate the composition and content of volatile components in the sample.

IV. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Unable to Sample Normally:

  • Fault Causes: Insufficient pressure, valve failure, sealing issues, clogged sampling needle.
  • Repair Methods: Check the gas source pressure, clean or replace the valve, replace sealing components, clean the sampling needle, and ensure it is dry before reinstallation.

Gas Leakage:

  • Fault Causes: Loose connections or aged sealing components.
  • Repair Methods: Check the tightness of connections, replace aged or damaged sealing components, and apply sealing glue if necessary to enhance sealing.

Inaccurate Sampling Volume:

  • Fault Causes: Clogged sampling needle, stuck or leaky valve.
  • Repair Methods: Regularly clean the sampling needle, calibrate the sampling volume, and inspect and address valve faults.

Slow Sampling Speed:

  • Fault Causes: Insufficient gas source pressure, clogged sampling needle, stuck valve.
  • Repair Methods: Check and repair the gas source pressure issue, clean the sampling needle, and address the stuck valve problem.

Other Mechanical Faults:

  • For mechanical faults such as rusted lifting rods, follow the equipment manual or disassembly videos provided by technical support to disassemble, remove rust, lubricate, and reinstall.

V. Conclusion

As an important tool in gas chromatographic analysis, the headspace sampler is widely used in various fields due to its efficiency and convenience. Correctly understanding and operating the headspace sampler, as well as promptly addressing common faults, are crucial for ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of experimental results. This article summarizes the basic principles, usage methods, and common fault repair methods of the headspace sampler, aiming to provide comprehensive reference and guidance for users.

VI. Brands and Models of Headspace Samplers Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Agilent Technologies
    • 7697A: Headspace Sampler
    • 7650A: Automatic Headspace Sampler
    • 7694E: Headspace Sampler
  2. PerkinElmer
    • TurboMatrix Series: TurboMatrix 40, TurboMatrix 110, TurboMatrix 16, TurboMatrix 650 ATD, TurboMatrix 350 ATD
  3. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • TriPlus Series: TriPlus 300 HS, TriPlus 500 HS, TriPlus 100 LS
  4. Shimadzu
    • HS-20 Series: HS-20, HS-10
  5. GERSTEL
    • MultiPurpose Sampler (MPS): Integrates headspace, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and other multifunctional sampling
    • Dual Headspace Sampler: Efficient multi-sample sampling
  6. CTC Analytics (PAL System)
    • PAL RSI: Robotic Sample Injector with headspace option
    • PAL RTC: Robotic Tool Change system with headspace option
  7. Teledyne Tekmar
    • HT3: Headspace Autosampler
    • Versa: Automated Headspace Vial Sampler
  8. LECO Corporation
    • PEGASUS HT-C: Headspace Sampler
    • HTS: High Throughput Sampler
  9. Markes International
    • CIA Advantage: High-capacity headspace autosampler
  10. EST Analytical
    • Evolution: Automated Headspace Sampler
  11. OI Analytical (Xylem)
    • 4560: Purge-and-Trap Sample Concentrator with headspace option
  12. Alpha MOS
    • HS100: Headspace Autosampler
  13. Dani Instruments
    • Master DHS: Dynamic Headspace Sampler
    • Master SHS: Static Headspace Sampler
  14. Entech Instruments
    • 7100A: Preconcentrator with headspace option
  15. Horizon Technology
    • SmartPrep: Automated Extraction System with headspace option

Longi Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing headspace samplers and can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, the company recycles and sells various headspace samplers. Welcome to consult.

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Turbidity Analyzer: Working Principle, Usage, Common Faults, and Repair Guide – Online Low-Range Turbidity Analyzer

I. Introduction

The turbidity analyzer is a precision instrument specifically designed to measure the turbidity of liquids. It finds wide applications in drinking water testing, industrial production, wastewater treatment, beverage production, and laboratory research. By measuring the degree of light scattering caused by insoluble particles in the liquid, it assesses the clarity of the liquid, providing crucial data support for water quality safety and product quality control.

II. Working Principle

The turbidity analyzer operates based on the principle of light scattering. When a beam of light passes through a liquid containing suspended particles, these particles scatter the light. The intensity of scattered light is proportional to the concentration of particles in the liquid. The analyzer emits a beam of light into the sample and calculates the turbidity by measuring the intensity of scattered light. Depending on the measurement principle, turbidity analyzers can be divided into two types: scattering method and transmission method.

  • Scattering Method: Calculates turbidity by measuring the intensity of scattered light at a certain angle (e.g., 90°) to the incident light. Suitable for measuring low-turbidity water samples.
  • Transmission Method: Calculates turbidity by measuring the degree of attenuation of light after it passes through the water sample (i.e., the ratio of transmitted light intensity to incident light intensity). Suitable for measuring high-turbidity water samples.

III. Usage

Preparation:

  1. Remove the instrument from the packaging box and place it on a horizontal and stable workbench.
  2. Check if all parts of the instrument are intact. Clean the water tank and fill it with pure or deionized water to the top.
  3. Clean the glass cuvette to ensure it is clean and stain-free.

Instrument Calibration:

  1. Preheat the instrument for 10 minutes.
  2. Use a turbidity standard plate for calibration to ensure that the displayed reading matches the factory calibrated value of the standard plate.

Sample Measurement:

  1. Add water with zero turbidity to the cuvette as a blank control and adjust the instrument to zero.
  2. Add the sample to be tested to the cuvette, ensuring no bubbles or residue on the cuvette walls.
  3. Place the cuvette into the instrument, and the displayed value is the turbidity value (NTU) of the tested liquid.

Data Processing:

  1. Record the measurement results as needed for data processing and analysis.

IV. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Power Issues:

  • Fault Phenomenon: The power light is not on.
  • Repair Method: Check if the power plug is securely inserted and if the socket is well-contacted. If the power is confirmed to be normal, the fuse may have blown and needs to be replaced.

Unstable Readings:

  • Fault Phenomenon: The measured readings fluctuate greatly.
  • Repair Method: Check if there are bubbles in the sample and wait for them to dissipate before measuring. Check if there is water or residue inside or outside the cuvette and dry it with filter paper. Confirm if the solution temperature is too high and wait for it to cool before measuring.

Large Measurement Errors:

  • Fault Phenomenon: The measured results deviate significantly from expectations.
  • Repair Method: Recalibrate the instrument, ensuring the standard plate is clean and stain-free. Check if the cuvette matches the current range. Confirm if the sample meets the measurement requirements, avoiding contamination or evaporation.

Sensor Faults:

  • Fault Phenomenon: The instrument does not work properly or displays abnormalities.
  • Repair Method: Check if the sensor is correctly connected and not damaged. Clean the sensor surface to remove stains or adherents. If the sensor is severely damaged, it needs to be replaced.

Software or Setting Issues:

  • Fault Phenomenon: The instrument’s operation interface is abnormal or parameters cannot be set.
  • Repair Method: Refer to the user manual to confirm if the software version is compatible. Check if the settings are correct and adjust them according to the manual. If the problem persists, contact the manufacturer or supplier for technical support.

V. Brands and Models of Turbidity Analyzers Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  1. Hach
    • 2100Q Portable Turbidimeter
    • 2100N Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • TL23 Series Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • TU5200 Laboratory Laser Turbidimeter
    • TU5300 Online Laser Turbidimeter
    • TU5400 Online Laser Turbidimeter
    • Online Low-Range Turbidity Analyzer SC200
  2. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Orion AQ4500 Turbidimeter
    • Orion AQ3010 Portable Turbidimeter
    • Orion AQ4000 Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • Orion AQ3700 Portable Turbidimeter
  3. YSI (a Xylem brand)
    • TSS Portable Turbidimeter
    • P700 IQ Online Turbidimeter
    • 9500 Turbidity Meter
    • 9300 Portable Turbidimeter
  4. LaMotte
    • 2020we Portable Turbidimeter
    • 2020wi Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • 2020t Turbidity Meter
  5. Hanna Instruments
    • HI98703 Portable Turbidity Meter
    • HI88703 Laboratory Turbidity Meter
    • HI88713 EPA Compliant Turbidity Meter
    • HI98713 Portable Turbidity Meter
  6. WTW (a Xylem brand)
    • Turb 430 IR Portable Turbidimeter
    • Turb 355 IR/T Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • Turb 555 IR Benchtop Turbidimeter
  7. Lovibond (Tintometer)
    • TB 210 IR Portable Turbidimeter
    • TB 300 IR Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • TB 350 WL/IR Benchtop Turbidimeter
  8. Apera Instruments
    • TN400 Portable Turbidimeter
    • TN500 Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • TN600 Online Turbidimeter
  9. Eutech Instruments (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
    • TN-100 Portable Turbidimeter
    • TN-200 Laboratory Turbidimeter
    • TN-1000 Laboratory Turbidimeter
  10. Hach Ultra (formerly Anatel)
    • ANATEL PAT700
    • ANATEL PAT800
  11. Merck Millipore
    • Spectroquant Turb® 430 IR Portable Turbidimeter
    • Spectroquant Turb® 550 Laboratory Turbidimeter
  12. Extech Instruments
    • TB400 Portable Turbidity Meter
    • TB400-LAB Laboratory Turbidity Meter
  13. Palintest
    • Compact Turbimeter
    • PT 600 Series Laboratory Turbidimeter
  14. Horiba
    • LAQUA T-300 Portable Turbidity Meter
    • U-50 Series Multiparameter Meter
  15. Met One Instruments
    • 202-5 Portable Turbidimeter
    • Hach Ultra 2500 Laboratory Turbidimeter

VI. Conclusion

The turbidity analyzer is an important water quality testing device that works based on the principle of light scattering. During usage, strict adherence to the instructions and proper maintenance are essential to ensure the accuracy of measurement results and the long-term stable operation of the instrument. For common faults, users can troubleshoot and address them according to the aforementioned repair methods. If necessary, technical support from Rongji Electromechanical Company can be sought. Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing turbidity analyzers (online turbidity analyzers) and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, they recycle and sell various used turbidity analyzers (online turbidity analyzers). For more information, please contact us.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM): Principles,Usage,Brand,Troubleshooting, and Maintenance Guide

1. Principles

The Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) operates on the principle of three-point positioning within a three-dimensional coordinate system. Equipped with a detector capable of moving in three directions along mutually perpendicular guides, it captures coordinate information of points on the surface of the object being measured, either through contact or non-contact methods. By scanning the object’s surface, the detector records the three-dimensional coordinates of various points. These coordinates are then processed by a computer to fit measurement elements such as points, lines, planes, and circles, and to calculate the geometric dimensions, shape, and positional errors of the object.

2. Usage

Preparation:

  • Ensure the CMM is level and free from surrounding interferences.
  • Select appropriate detectors and fixtures; prepare the part to be measured.

Installation and Calibration:

  • Install the part on the CMM and secure it with fixtures, aligning it with the machine’s coordinate axes.
  • Perform probe calibration, selecting suitable probes and styli, and calibrate to achieve the required measurement accuracy.

Establishing Coordinates:

  • Based on the part’s shape and size, establish a workpiece coordinate system. If a workpiece model is available, establish a model coordinate system and fit the two.

Measurement:

  • Choose appropriate measurement methods (e.g., point, line, circle, surface measurements) according to the part’s characteristics.
  • Conduct precise measurements and export the data for analysis, assessing the part’s accuracy and deviations.

3. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  • Large Measurement Errors:
    • Causes: Low surface roughness of the workpiece, contaminated measuring head, unstable measurement environment (temperature, humidity fluctuations).
    • Solutions: Improve surface roughness, clean the measuring head, maintain a stable measurement environment.
  • Unable to Start:
    • Causes: Power supply issues, equipment failure.
    • Solutions: Check power connections and replace if necessary; contact the manufacturer for repairs if equipment failure.
  • Slow Operation:
    • Causes: Equipment aging, software issues.
    • Solutions: Replace with new equipment or update/reinstall software.
  • Inaccurate Measurements:
    • Causes: Improper adjustment of the measuring head, equipment failure.
    • Solutions: Readjust the measuring head for accuracy; contact a repair service if equipment failure.
  • Loss of Coordinate Zero Point:
    • Causes: Computer software issues.
    • Solutions: Reload backup software and restart the machine.
  • Abnormal Coordinate Axis Movement:
    • Causes: Insufficient air bearing pressure, blocked air holes, loose or slipping transmission components.
    • Solutions: Check the air supply system for proper pressure, clean air bearing holes, tighten and adjust transmission components.
  • Probe Automatic Changer Malfunction:
    • Causes: Related power or control component failures.
    • Solutions: Inspect and repair related power or control components.

4. Brands and Models Repaired by Longi Electromechanical

  • Hexagon Metrology:
    • Leitz Reference HP: High-precision CMM.
    • Global S: Universal CMM.
    • Optiv Performance: Multi-sensor CMM.
    • DEA Alpha 2.0: Large bridge-type CMM.
    • TIGO SF: Compact workshop CMM.
  • Zeiss:
    • PRISMO: High-precision CMM.
    • CONTURA: Universal CMM.
    • ACCURA: Configurable CMM.
    • MICURA: Small high-precision CMM.
    • DuraMax: Compact workshop CMM.
  • Mitutoyo:
    • CRYSTA-Apex S: High-precision CMM.
    • CRYSTA-Apex V: Universal CMM.
    • Legex 574: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • Strato-Apex 574: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • Quick Vision: Multi-sensor measurement system.
  • Nikon Metrology:
    • Altera: Universal CMM.
    • Innova: High-precision CMM.
    • H ALTERA: High-precision bridge-type CMM.
    • LK V: High-performance bridge-type CMM.
    • NEXIV VMZ-R: Video measurement system.
  • Wenzel:
    • LH Series: LH 65, LH 87, LH 1210.
    • XCite: Economical CMM.
    • XO: High-performance CMM.
    • SF 87: High-speed scanning CMM.
  • FARO:
    • FARO Edge: Portable CMM arm.
    • FARO Gage: Compact measuring arm.
    • FARO Quantum: High-precision measuring arm.
    • FARO Vantage: Laser tracker.
  • Brown & Sharpe (Hexagon):
    • GLOBAL Silver: High-performance CMM.
    • ONE: Universal CMM.
    • MICRO-HITE: High-precision measuring instrument.
  • Aberlink:
    • Axiom Too: High-precision CMM.
    • Zenith 3: High-performance CMM.
    • Extol: Economical CMM.
  • Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology:
    • XENOS: Ultra-high-precision CMM.
    • MMZ G: Large CMM.
    • ACURA: Multi-functional CMM.
  • LK Metrology:
    • Altera M: Universal CMM.
    • Altera S: High-performance CMM.
    • C10: Large bridge-type CMM.
  • Hikrobot:
    • HS Series: HS5030, HS5040, HS5050, HS5060, HS5070.
    • HT Series: HT5030, HT5040, HT5050, HT5060, HT5070.
    • HL Series: HL5030, HL5040, HL5050, HL5060, HL5070.
    • HME Series: High-precision CMM, HME5030, HME5040, HME5050.

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing CMMs, ensuring quick and efficient repairs. Additionally, we offer the sale and purchase of various used CMMs. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

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 Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, Repair, and Brands Overvie

I. Principles of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer

The dual-frequency laser interferometer, an advanced measurement instrument based on heterodyne interference principles, evolves from the single-frequency laser interferometer. It utilizes two laser beams of different frequencies for interference measurement, achieving high-precision measurement of various physical quantities such as displacement, length, and angle. This instrument finds wide application in precision machining, metrological inspection, and scientific research, serving as a crucial tool for enhancing equipment accuracy and detection efficiency.

Working Principles:

  • Based on the Zeeman splitting effect and frequency pulling effect.
  • A magnetic field of approximately 0.03 Tesla is applied to a He-Ne laser, generating left- and right-handed circularly polarized light with two different frequencies (f1 and f2).
  • After processing through a series of optical elements, these beams are split into reference and measurement beams.
  • When the movable mirror shifts, the frequency of the measurement beam changes (f2 ± Δf) due to the Doppler effect, while the reference beam’s frequency remains constant.
  • The two beams interfere on a photodetector, producing an electrical signal containing the frequency difference Δf. By counting the changes in frequency difference, the displacement of the movable mirror can be calculated.

Key Components:

  • Laser Source: Employs a laser, such as a He-Ne laser or semiconductor laser, to generate two laser beams with different frequencies.
  • Optical Beam Splitting: The laser beam is divided into two beams by a beam splitter, one serving as the reference beam and the other as the measurement beam.
  • Optical Path Design: The reference beam follows a fixed path, while the measurement beam traverses a variable path. The two beams recombine in the interferometer, producing interference fringes.
  • Interference Fringes: The movement of interference fringes reflects changes in the length of the measurement path. Precise calculations of the displacement or length changes of the measured object can be derived by analyzing these fringes.
  • Signal Processing: The interference fringe signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector and processed to obtain measurement results.

II. Usage Instructions

  1. System Connection: Connect the laptop, laser interferometer, environmental compensation unit, printer, etc., via communication cables and power them on.
  2. Laser Warm-up: Turn on the laser interferometer and allow it to warm up for about 15-20 minutes. Proceed with measurements once the laser is stable (indicator light turns green).
  3. Software Initialization: Start the measurement software on the laptop and enter the corresponding measurement subroutine.
  4. Optical Mirror Installation: Secure the laser interferometer, reflectors, beam splitters, and other optical components on the measurement tripod and machine tool in appropriate positions, and adjust for alignment.
  5. Target Value Setting: Set target values according to measurement requirements and program the CNC measurement procedure.
  6. Data Collection: Initiate the data collection program for automatic or manual data acquisition and monitor the measurement data.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  1. Laser Fault:
    • Symptom: Laser does not emit light or has insufficient intensity.
    • Repair: Check the laser power supply and connection cables, ensuring proper power supply. Replace the laser if necessary.
  2. Optical Path Deviation:
    • Symptom: Interference fringes are unclear or disappear.
    • Repair: Adjust the positions of the beam splitter and reflector to ensure parallel optical paths and accurate beam convergence points.
  3. Photodetector Fault:
    • Symptom: Signal is unstable or there is no signal output.
    • Repair: Check the detector’s power supply and connection cables, clean the detector surface to ensure normal operation.
  4. Environmental Interference:
    • Symptom: Measurement results are highly variable or inaccurate.
    • Repair: Isolate the instrument from environmental vibrations and temperature changes, ensuring a stable working environment.
  5. Signal Processor Fault:
    • Symptom: Data collection is unstable or analysis results are erroneous.
    • Repair: Check signal processor connections and software settings, reinstall or update software if necessary.

IV. Precautions and Maintenance

  • Environmental Requirements: Place the instrument in a dry, clean, and vibration-free environment, avoiding the impact of moisture and dust on optical components.
  • Handling and Storage: Hold the base when moving the instrument to prevent guide rail deformation; store optical components in a clean and dry container when not in use.
  • Cleaning and Lubrication: Avoid wiping mirrors and beam splitters unless necessary, using scientific methods for cleaning; regularly lubricate moving parts to maintain good working condition.
  • Usage Norms: Avoid forced rotation, hard pulling, and other improper operations; apply appropriate force to each adjustment component.

V. Brands and Models of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometers Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Renishaw
    • XL-80: High-precision laser interferometer system
    • HS20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for large-range position measurement
  2. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent Technologies)
    • 5519A/B: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision positioning and measurement
    • 5530: Laser interferometer system supporting various measurement applications
  3. Zygo Corporation
    • ZMI 4000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position and speed measurement (ZMI 4500, ZMI 4100)
    • ZMI 2000 Series: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer (ZMI 2400, ZMI 2002)
  4. SIOS Messtechnik
    • SP 2000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer system for precise length and angle measurement (SP 2000, SP 2000 TR)
    • SP 5000 Series: High-resolution dual-frequency laser interferometer (SP 5000 NG, SP 5000 TR)
  5. Hamar Laser Instruments
    • L-730 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for machine calibration and alignment (L-730, L-740)
    • L-750 Series: High-precision dual-frequency laser interferometer (L-750)
  6. API (Automated Precision Inc.)
    • XD Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (XD6, XD8)
  7. Renishaw/Anorad (Collaborative Brand)
    • RLE Series: High-performance laser interferometer (RLE10, RLE20)
  8. Mahr Metrology
    • MarForm MFU Series: High-precision laser interferometer for shape measurement and surface contour measurement (MFU 100, MFU 200)
  9. Mitutoyo
    • Laser 20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position measurement
    • Laser 30: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer
  10. Status Pro
    • EZ-EL Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (EZ-EL-A, EZ-EL-B)
  11. Tokyo Seimitsu
    • LV-50
  12. Marposs
    • BLU Series:
      • BLU LT: For length and displacement measurement
      • BLU LI: For straightness and angle measurement

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of dual-frequency laser interferometers, with nearly 30 years of experience. We can quickly repair various instruments and also offer the recycling and sale of used dual-frequency laser interferometers. Welcome to consult us.

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Comprehensive Guide to Mass Spectrometers: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, and Brands Serviced

I. Functional Principle of Mass Spectrometer

The mass spectrometer, a highly precise scientific instrument, is primarily used to determine the composition and structure of samples. Its operating principle encompasses the following steps:

  1. Sample Ionization: Sample molecules are ionized into positively or negatively charged ions in the ion source.
  2. Mass Separation: The generated ions are accelerated and transmitted to the mass analyzer, where they are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
  3. Detection and Recording: The separated ions enter the detector, producing signals that are recorded to form a mass spectrum.
  4. Data Analysis: By analyzing the mass spectrum, information such as the composition, structure, and relative abundance of the sample can be determined.

The core components of a mass spectrometer include the ion source, mass analyzer, and detector, all housed within a vacuum system to ensure analytical accuracy.

II. Usage Method of Mass Spectrometer

Usage methods may vary by model and manufacturer, but generally include the following steps:

Preparation:

  • Safety check: Ensure laboratory safety and use personal protective equipment.
  • Sample preparation: Dissolve the sample in an appropriate solvent and clean it to remove impurities.
  • Select the ion source and adjust ionization parameters.
  • Choose the analysis mode and adjust mass spectrometer parameters.

Startup:

  • Turn on the gas supply and mechanical pump, and after achieving the required vacuum, turn on the molecular turbo pump.
  • Perform calibration to ensure optimal mass spectrometer performance.

Analysis:

  • Start the mass spectrometer, observe the mass spectrum, and record corresponding peaks.
  • Analyze the position, intensity, and shape of peaks for mass analysis.
  • Identify compounds in the sample.

Shutdown:

  • Stop the mass spectrometer operation.
  • Flush the system to prevent cross-contamination.
  • Turn off the mass spectrometer and disconnect the power supply.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Common faults and their repair methods include:

  1. Unstable Power Supply:
    • Fault manifestation: Voltage fluctuations, unstable current supply, or sudden power outages and restarts.
    • Repair method: Check power lines and modules, ensure proper grounding, and replace damaged power components.
  2. Aging or Damage of Power Modules:
    • Fault manifestation: Decreased power output performance, insufficient energy for the ion source.
    • Repair method: Replace aged power modules and ensure normal operation of high-voltage components.
  3. Poor Grounding or Contact Issues with Power Lines:
    • Fault manifestation: Increased power noise, interference with signal acquisition, resulting in false peaks or abnormal peak intensities.
    • Repair method: Check grounding and power line connections, ensure good contact, and reduce power noise.
  4. Failure of Power Cooling System:
    • Fault manifestation: Overheating of power supply, leading to drifting output parameters and shortened lifespan.
    • Repair method: Check the cooling system, ensure proper heat dissipation, and replace cooling fans or radiators if necessary.
  5. Failure of Mechanical and Molecular Turbo Pumps:
    • Fault manifestation: Insufficient vacuum, affecting mass spectrometry accuracy.
    • Repair method: Regularly clean and replace mechanical pump oil, check the status of molecular turbo pumps, and repair or replace as needed.
  6. Contamination or Damage of Ion Source:
    • Fault manifestation: Reduced ionization efficiency, poor mass spectrum peak shapes.
    • Repair method: Regularly clean the ion source chamber and sampling cone, and replace damaged ion source components.

IV. Precautions

When using a mass spectrometer, follow laboratory safety regulations and use personal protective equipment. Adjust analysis parameters based on sample properties and mass spectrometer model for optimal results. Regularly perform performance verification and maintenance to ensure long-term efficient operation of the mass spectrometer.

V. Brands and Models of Mass Spectrometers Serviced by Longi Electromechanical

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • Orbitrap Series: Orbitrap Exploris 480, Orbitrap Eclipse, Orbitrap Elite, Orbitrap Fusion Lumos
    • Q Exactive Series: Q Exactive, Q Exactive HF, Q Exactive HF-X, Q Exactive Plus
    • TSQ Series: TSQ Altis, TSQ Quantis, TSQ Endura
    • LTQ Series: LTQ Orbitrap XL, LTQ XL
  2. Agilent Technologies:
    • 6500 Series: 6530 Q-TOF, 6546 Q-TOF, 6550 iFunnel Q-TOF, 6560 Ion Mobility Q-TOF
    • 6100 Series: 6130 Quadrupole LC/MS, 6140 Quadrupole LC/MS
    • 7000 Series: 7010 Triple Quadrupole GC/MS, 7000D Triple Quadrupole GC/MS
    • 7700 Series: 7700x ICP-MS
  3. Waters Corporation:
    • Xevo Series: Xevo G2-XS QTof, Xevo TQ-S, Xevo TQ-XS
    • Synapt Series: Synapt G2-Si, Synapt XS, Vion IMS QTof, ACQUITY RDa
  4. Bruker:
    • timsTOF Series: timsTOF Pro, timsTOF fleX
    • MALDI-TOF Series: ultrafleXtreme, autoflex maX
    • ESI-QTOF Series: Impact II, maXis II, scimaX
  5. Sciex (AB Sciex):
    • TripleTOF Series: TripleTOF 6600, TripleTOF 5600+
    • QTRAP Series: QTRAP 6500+, QTRAP 5500, QTRAP 4500
    • Triple Quad Series: Triple Quad 7500, Triple Quad 6500+, Triple Quad 5500
  6. PerkinElmer:
    • Flexar Series: Flexar SQ 300 MS, Flexar TOF MS
    • Clarus Series: Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
  7. Shimadzu:
    • LCMS Series: LCMS-8045, LCMS-8050, LCMS-8060
    • GCMS Series: GCMS-TQ8050 NX, GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, GCMS-QP2020 NX
  8. JEOL:
    • AccuTOF Series: AccuTOF DART, AccuTOF GCx, JMS-T100LC
  9. LECO:
    • Pegasus Series: Pegasus BT, Pegasus GC-HRT 4D, Pegasus BT 4D
    • TruTOF Series
  10. Hitachi: NanoFrontier LD, Chromaster

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing mass spectrometers, enabling quick repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used mass spectrometers. Welcome to consult.